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THE ABILITY OF matK AND trnL-trnL-trnF INTERGENIC SPACER TO DISCERN CERTAIN SPECIES ACCESSIONS OF THE FAMILIES SOLANACEAE AND FABACEAE

HERMAN, H. AL-KHAIRI, A.R. WANSYAH, ASMANIA, R.I. UTAMI, D.N. ANZAELINA, Z. OKTAVIANO, W. LESTARI, ADIWIRMAN, and D.I. ROSLIM

Citation: Herman, Al-Khairi H, Wansyah AR, Asmania, Utami RI, Anzaelina DN, Oktaviano Z, Lestari W, Adiwirman, Roslim DI (2023). The ability of matK and trnL-trnL-trnF intergenic spacer to discern certain species accessions of the families Solanaceae and Fabaceae. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 97-106. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.9.

Summary

Indonesia, as a mega-biodiversity country, has many kinds of tropical fruits. Solanaceae and Fabaceae families contain plant species that produce fruits and vegetables for human food, such as ‘rimbang’ (Solanum torvum), ‘terung asam’ (S. ferox), ‘kabau’ (Archidendron microcarpum), ‘jengkol’ (A. pauciflorum), and ‘petai’ (Parkia speciosa). This study aimed to determine the ability of DNA barcodes (matK and trnL-trnL-trnF intergenic spacer [IGS]) in distinguishing some of those tropical fruit plants. Plant materials came from Riau Province, Indonesia. Methods developed include total DNA extraction from fresh leaves and PCR using the primer pairs to amplify matK and trnL-trnL-trnF IGS. The PCR products underwent sequencing, with the DNA sequences analyzed using MEGA6. In this study, the obtained matK and trnL-trnL-trnF IGS sequences showed lengths ranging from 800 bp to 892 bp and 872 bp to 1113 bp, respectively. The matK and trnL-trnL-trnF IGS sequences of S. ferox, A. microcarpum, and A. pauciflorum provided the first sequences reported in those species. Several nucleotide variations in matK sequences emerged among the studied accessions caused by substitution mutation, including transversion and transition. No indel (insertion-deletion) mutation in the studied matK sequences occurred. Indel can also cause variations in trnL-trnL-trnF IGS sequences among the studied accessions aside from substitution mutation. For species S. torvum, S. ferox, and P. speciosa, there came about some decisive nucleotides based on the matK sequences. Moreover, for species S. torvum, S. ferox, A. microcarpum, A. pauciflorum, and P. speciose, there occurred few critical nucleotides based on trnL-trnL-trnF IGS. Also, there was a critical nucleotide for large-fruited ‘jengkol’ (one of the populations in A. pauciflorum) based on trnL-trnL-trnF IGS. However, both DNA barcodes could not differentiate the two types of S. ferox, i.e., ‘terung asam’ and ‘terung bulu.’ Both DNA barcodes showed to differentiate some species members of both families Solanaceae and Fabaceae into separate clusters. Moreover, compared with matK, the trnL-trnL-trnF IGS indicated uniqueness in discriminating populations within species.

Keywords: Solanaceae, Fabaceae, species, population types, DNA barcodes, matK, trnL-trnL-trnF intergenic spacer

Key findings: DNA barcode sequences of matK and trnL-trnL-trnF IGS revealed the high variations caused by mutations, namely, insertion and deletion in trnL-trnL-trnF IGS and substitution in matK. These mutations could distinguish the species into separate groups belonging to the families Solanaceae and Fabaceae. DNA barcode trnL-trnL-trnF IGS revealed more promising for discriminating populations within species.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 97-106, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.9
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

« Back to main page of SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics Vol. 55 No. 1

ECOLOGICAL VARIETAL EVALUATION OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

A. BAZARGALIYEVA, N. UTARBAYEVA, A. NUSSUPOVA, G. ADMANOVA, G. YECHSHANOVA, Z. KUANBAY, A. SARZHIGITOVA, and A. BAUBEKOVA

Citation: Bazargaliyeva A, Utarbayeva N, Nussupova A, Admanova G, Yechshanova G, Kuanbay Z, Sarzhigitova A, Baubekova A (2023). Ecological varietal evaluation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under field conditions. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 90-96. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.8.

Summary

Strengthening agriculture involves various approaches to developing high-yielding new cultivars, optimization of soil composition, rational use of fertilizers, and pre-sowing treatment of seeds and seedlings. The safest and most environmentally friendly approach is to develop new genotypes, combining the most suitable characteristics in the existing growing area and environmental conditions. In this regard, the completed study aimed to breed various cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars during the years 2020–2021 under the environmental conditions of Aktobe region, Kazakhstan. Cucumber cultivars 584, 577, 427, 294, and 264 gained selection from the nursery based on a complex of economically valuable traits, laying of seed fruits, and individual selection from F2 to F8 populations, using the hybrid cultivar ‘Ular’ as the standard of comparison. Recorded phenological observations on growth stages, morphometrics, types of flowering, disease resistance, production, and biochemical traits of the fruits received analysis. Cucumber samples came from the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing (KazNIIKO), Kazakhstan. The hybrid was a derivative of the L-1 maternal line and the Phoenix 640 paternal line. The research result on the above-recorded parameters characterized six promising domestic cultivars of cucumber, namely, 264, 294, 427, 524, 577, and standard hybrid ‘Ular.’ Based on the complex of economically valuable features, the most predominant C. sativus L. cultivar was 294.

Keywords: Vegetable crops, cucumber (C. sativus L.), varietal testing, field conditions, production and biochemical traits, Kazakhstan

Key findings: With six promising domestic cultivars of cucumbers (C. sativus L.), the varietal testing happened during 2020–2021 under the environmental conditions of the Aktobe region of Western Kazakhstan. Based on the complex of economically valuable features, the cucumber cultivar 294 showed superior and most promising.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 90-96, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.8
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

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COTTON GENOTYPES APPRAISAL FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER OPTIMAL AND DEFICIT IRRIGATED CONDITIONS

A. MAKAMOV, J. SHAVKIEV, M. KHOLMURADOVA, U. BOYQOBILOV, I. NORMAMATOV, J. NORBEKOV, N. KHUSENOV, SH. KUSHAKOV, Z. YULDASHEVA, S. KHOSHIMOV, and Z. BURIEV

Citation: Makamov A, Shavkiev J, Kholmuradova M, Boyqobilov U, Normamatov I, Norbekov J, Khusenov N, Kushakov SH, Yuldasheva Z, Khoshimov S, Buriev Z (2023). Cotton genotypes appraisal for morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits under optimal and deficit irrigated conditions. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 74-89. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.7.

Summary

In agricultural ecosystems, drought has a detrimental effect on crop production, affecting the growth rate and development of the economically important traits of the crop plants. The presented study aimed to assess the genetic potential and aspects of 20 upland cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits under optimal and deficit irrigated conditions during 2018–2019, at Tashkent, Uzbekistan. With water deficit conditions, the proline content in plant leaves of various cotton genotypes increased (76.36%) compared with the optimal water regime. The chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids can increase and decrease to varying degrees, depending upon the water content in the leaves of cotton genotypes. Results also revealed that upland cotton’s leaf relative water content, excised-leaf water loss, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid and proline contents, plant height, sympodial branching, leaf area, bolls per plant, opened bolls plant, and seed cotton yield depended on water supply conditions and the genotypic composition of the genotypes. Based on the analysis of stress tolerance indices for morpho-yield and some physiological traits of cotton genotypes under different irrigation regimes, genotypes Namangan-77, Hapicala-19, 0-30, Zangi-Ota, Saenr Pena-85, S-2025, KK-602, SAD-35-11, and C-417 revealed tolerant to water deficit conditions. However, the cotton cultivars KK-1796, KK-1795, 1000, L-N1, S-9006, KK-1086, Catamarca 811, S-9008, L-N1, 141, C-4769, and L-45 were not good performers and susceptible to water stress conditions. Results concluded that soil drought conditions during the flowering stage disrupted physiological processes, including leaf relative water content and excised-leaf water loss.

Keywords: Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), water optimal and deficit conditions, drought tolerance, morpho-yield traits, physiological variables, correlation

Key findings: The deficit irrigated conditions negatively affected morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits of upland cotton. Cultivars Namangan-77, Hapicala-19, 0-30, Zangi-Ota, Saenr Pena-85, С-2025, КК-602, SAD-35-11, and C–417 revealed more promising and stable performing better than other genotypes for various traits under optimal and deficit irrigated conditions.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 74-89, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.7
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

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GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC GAIN IN SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L. LAM) FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS

K. NURUL-AFZA, A. AZIZ, D. THIYAGU, and J.M. SHAHRILNIZAM

Citation: Nurul-Afza K, Aziz A, Thiyagu D, Shahrilnizam JM (2023). Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) for agronomic traits. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 61-73. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.6.

Summary

The study aimed to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance in the existing sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) populations for growth and yield traits in Peninsular Malaysia. The experiment transpired in 2020 at the Centre of Excellent Tuber Crops Research, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 39 sweet potato genotypes studied consisted of introduced hybrids from the International Potato Center (CIP), Peru, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan, and local conventional and newly released cultivars and breeding lines by MARDI, Bachok, Malaysia. Analysis of variance showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among the potato genotypes for almost all the traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) appeared higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. With their high heritability estimate (>60%) and a genetic advance of 5% (>20%), the other agronomic traits: storage root yield per plant, individual storage root weight, and yield per hectare, may benefit as useful selection criteria in sweet potato development. Further, recommend these characteristics for consideration while selecting high-yielding sweet potato cultivars. Thus, the findings of this study proved valuable in future breeding programs for improving cultivars and developing more genetic variations in sweet potatoes, especially in Malaysia.

Keywords: genetic variability, heritability and genetic gain, genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, agronomic traits

Key findings: The selected sweet potato genotypes MIb3 and MIb16 gained authentication as promising lines that can serve in future breeding programs for the development of new high-yielding sweet potato cultivars in Malaysia.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 61-73, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.6
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

« Back to main page of SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics Vol. 55 No. 1

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF WHEAT THROUGH GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THREE REGIONS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

I. KHAN, S. GUL, N.U. KHAN, O.O. FAWIBE, N. AKHTAR, M. REHMAN, N. SABAH, M.A. TAHIR, A. IQBAL, F. NAZ, I. HAQ, and A. RAUF

Citation: Khan T, Gul S, Khan NU, Fawibe OO, Akhtar N, Rehman M, Sabah N, Tahir MA, Iqbal A, Naz F, Haq I, Rauf A (2023). Stability analysis of wheat through genotype by environment interaction in three regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 50-60. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.5.

Summary

Genotype-by-environment (GEI) interaction provides the basic information that helps breeders to select stable and superior genotypes for targeted environments. Climate change also alters the recommendations of the genotype for a specific condition. The field study carried out during the cropping seasons of 2015–2016 determined the performance of 16 wheat genotypes (13 lines and three cultivars) at three different locations: The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP), Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture, Peshawar (NIFA), and Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak-Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data on yield contributing parameters (days to heading, spike length, spikelets spike-1, grain weight spike-1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield) were collected and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stability analysis. Mean square values revealed highly significant results for all the traits under consideration for genotypes (G) and locations (L). Likewise, interactions (GEI) were highly significant for all the traits except grain weight spike-1. The performance of genotypes under different locations indicated no similarity. However, the overall performance of genotypes displayed better under environmental conditions of the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI- Location No: 03). According to the Eberhart and Russell approach, the genotypes K-87, PR-113, Pak-13, PR-112, NR-449, and KT-338 were confirmed stable under tested locations for yield contributing traits as their regression coefficient (bi) value exhibited close to unity. Correlations of grain yield with yield contributing traits considered were significant and positive except for days to heading.

Keywords: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), stability, correlation, regression coefficient (bi), genotype by environment interaction, yield-related traits

Key findings: Significant results were obtained for the traits of wheat as influenced by genotypes (G), locations (L), and interactions (GEI). However, genotype by environment interactions had no significant effect on grain weight spike-1. Stability analysis identified stability of genotypes, i.e., K-87, PR-113, Pak-13, PR-11`2, NR-449, and KT-338 under tested locations, viz., The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP), Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture, Peshawar (NIFA), and Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak-Nowshera.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 50-60, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.5
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

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GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNELS (CNGCS) OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES

S. ORANAB, A. GHAFFAR, A. AHMAD, M.F.K. PASHA, B. MUNIR, S. ARIF, S. ISHAQ, S.H. MAHFOOZ, R. KOUSAR, S. ZAKIA, and H.M. AHMAD

Citation: Oranab S, Ghaffar A, Ahmad A, Pasha MFK, Munir B, Arif S, Ishaq S, Mahfooz SH, Kousar R, Zakia S, Ahmad HM (2023). Genome-wide analysis of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCS) of Arabidopsis thaliana under abiotic stresses. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 38-49. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.4.

Summary

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) in plants play a significant role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. This study analyzed 20 CNGCs of Arabidopsis thaliana for their potential role under different stresses. According to phylogenetic analysis, the abiotic stress-tolerating gene CNGC19 in A. thaliana showed as closely related to Hordeum vulgare cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 19 (HvCNGC19) in barley and Oryza sativa cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels 4 and 11 (OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC11) of rice. All CNGCs of A. thaliana contains an ion transport domain. HvCNGC19, OsCNGC4, OsCNGC11, and AtCNGC19 contained the same motif 24, which depicted that they might be expressed similarly to AtCNGC19 under salt stress. CNGCs expression signals under abiotic stress showed high expression of AtCNGC19 and AtCNGC20 under salt stress in roots and AtCNGC2 and AtCNGC4 in shoots, yet very low in roots under approximately all stresses. The findings provide widespread implications for future cell signaling research and characterization of CNGCs for their roles under different stresses.

Keywords: Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, barley, rice, motif analysis, signaling, Arabidopsis thaliana

Key findings: The phylogenetic analysis of CNGCs of A. thaliana, rice, and barley depicted that the closely related CNGCs contain similar motifs and might be expressed similarly under different stresses. CNGCs expressed differently in roots and shoots after six and 12 hours under diverse abiotic stresses in A. thaliana.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 38-49, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.4
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

« Back to main page of SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics Vol. 55 No. 1

CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED RICE MUTANT POPULATIONS

N. CHOWDHURY, S. ISLAM, M.H. MIM, S. AKTER, J. NAIM, B. NOWICKA, and M.A. HOSSAIN

Citation: Chowdhury N, Islam S, Mim MH, Akter S, Naim J, Nowicka B, Hossain MA (2023). Characterization and genetic analysis of the selected rice mutant populations. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 25-37. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.3.

Summary

The development of mutant populations, followed by their characterization, offers a significant opportunity to isolate genotypes and genes with desired traits of interest. This paper assessed the agronomic performance, genetic variability, and yield-related characteristics of 22 M3 generation mutants (gamma ray-irradiated) of rice derived from a promising local rice genotype (Fatema dhan). The seeds of the selected mutants, the original parent, and three cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design at the research farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. Few mutants exhibited superior quantitative phenotypic traits compared with parental genotypes and check varieties. Mutant lines 1 and 83 required minimum days to reach maturity, and mutant lines 9, 17, and 80 exhibited significantly higher yield per plant than the parent and check varieties. Heritability analysis and genetic parameters revealed that genetic components mostly controlled all observed traits, with a minor influence on the environment. The higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic gain confirmed possible rice yield improvement through phenotypic selection. The traits, including days to first flowering and maturity, plant height, and panicle length, showed a significant positive correlation with yield. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components explained 69% of the total variation between genotypes. Thus, the promising mutant lines (1, 9, 17, 80, and 83) isolated in this study can serve for the development of high-yielding and early-maturing rice varieties.

Keywords: Gamma irradiation, mutagenesis, yield-attributing traits, genetic variability, genetic parameters

Key findings: Few promising rice mutants with higher yield potential got identified. The selected mutants can serve in a varietal development program for obtaining high-yielding rice variety.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 25-37 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.3
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

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MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN POPULATIONS OF CHILI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

R. MAULANI, R.H. MURTI, and A. PURWANTORO

Citation: Maulani R, Murti RH, Purwantoro A (2023). Molecular diversity in populations of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 15-24. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.2.

Summary

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a self-pollinated crop, with natural cross-pollination occurring below 4%–5%. It intends to have low heterosis. Developing cross-pollination in chili currently receives much attention to achieve diversity in trait improvement. Double-crossing becomes one of the alternatives to achieving this goal. In this study, three different parental chili genotypes (K, B, and T) gained crossing, with four populations (S2 K, F3 KB, F2 BTKB, and F2 KBBT) developed. Using 11 selected sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) combination markers that target Open Reading Frame (ORF) regions assessed molecular diversity in these chili populations. Results revealed the possibility of identifying diversity using SRAP markers based on primer profile information. The iMEC analysis showed high values of PIC (0.3381), discriminant power (0.882), and mean polymorphic value (97.88%). The highest similarity emerged between the populations BTKB and KBBT as the reciprocal. Then, the smallest similarity appeared between K and the double cross. Compared with the self-pollinated genotype, SRAP primers discovered that double crosses provided more variation based on Shannon’s index (I) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL). The genetic distance denotes maternal inheritance or extraneous involvement in progeny. However, multiple-parent hybridization authenticated the boost in genetic diversity.

Keywords: Interspecific hybridization, chili hybrid, segregation, diversity of hybrid chili, reciprocal, separated clustering

Key findings: Eleven selected SRAP marker combinations can detect genetic diversity in the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid populations. The double cross population also has the potential to address the uniformity problem in the chili hybrids.

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 15-24, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.2
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

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GENETIC DIVERSITY, PRODUCTION, AND TRADE OF CHILI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NEPAL

D. POUDYAL, P. POUDYAL, B.K. JOSHI, S.M. SHAKYA, K.P. SINGH, and K.C. DAHAL

Citation: Poudyal D, Poudyal P, Joshi BK, Shakya SM, Singh KP, Dahal KC (2023). Genetic diversity, production, and trade of chili with special reference to Nepal. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 1-14. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.1.

Summary

Chili is a popular spice crop in Nepal, a country with countless genetic diversity and a wider distribution covering areas from the tropics to the warm temperate regions. However, the exploitation of chili’s genetic potential to improve yield has faced challenges by different factors. An analytical study on genetic diversity, production challenges, and marketing opportunities of chili was still lacking in Nepal. This study aims to provide information on chili diversity, its distribution, and uses in Nepal, discussing the potential role of chili in Nepalese agriculture. Mainly, the study is a desk review complemented with a field study. Total chili production increases with an increasing area under cultivation over the years. In 2021, chili production covered 23,083 ha, 13% higher than in 2020. Per capita chili consumption is estimated at 9.8 kg in 2021. Diversity in chili phenotypes grown in the study area of Nepal has been noted. On a nine-point scale, higher variations showed in fruit traits (5 ± 1.5), floral morphology (4 ± 0.8 distinct types of flowers), leaf size (3 ± 0.7), plant height (3 ± 0.8), and maturity (3 ± 0.8) among chili genotypes in the area studied. Insect pests (15.6%) and diseases (16.4%) emerged as the main problems in chili cultivation, followed by drought stress (14.8%) and a shortage of fertilizers (10.1%). Marketing-related issues shared 2.7% among the 12 main concerns, particularly farmers who suffered more from inadequate market information. In addition, estimates on seed requirements, seed sources, existing chili varieties, and market segments also gained focus. The need for demand-based action research to strengthen Nepalese chili production and marketing proves imperative to fulfill the growing domestic demand and export potential.

Keywords: biotic and abiotic stress; chili production issues; hot pepper; phenotypic markers; and phenotyping

Key findings: Nepal is rich in chili genetic resources, with records of notable phenotypic variations for fruit traits (average of five distinct shapes, sizes, and orientations in seven studied locations), for flower characters (average of four different colors and orientations), for leaf characters (average of three distinct sizes), for plant height (three different heights), and maturity (three levels of maturity) during the field study. Chili serves as the most significant spice crop in Nepal. The total area coverage and chili production increased over the years. In 2021, a larger area of more than 23,000 ha gained cultivation, producing nearly 184,900 MT and a per capita consumption estimated at 9.8 kg. The main culprits of the low productivity (8 ± 0.3 MT/ha) of chili in the country consist of biotic factors (insect pests and pathogens) (49%), abiotic factors (drought stress and fertilizer shortage) (40%), and managerial limitations (11%).

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 1-14, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.1
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: February 2023

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Exotic wheat genotypes response to water-stress conditions

N.Y. SIAL, M. FAHEEM, M.A. SIAL, A.R. ROONJHO, F. MUHAMMAD, A.A. KEERIO, M. ADEEL, S. ULLAH, Q. HABIB, and M. AFZAL

SUMMARY

Drought is the most devastating abiotic stress which has significantly threatened global wheat production. The recent study was designed to evaluate the performance of eight exotic wheat lines through the Drought Spring Bread Wheat Yield Trial (DSBWYT), along with a local drought-tolerant check cultivar, Khirman, under water-stressed conditions based on agronomic and yield-related traits. The experiment was conducted during cropping season 2019–2020 in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, Pakistan. The analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among the genotypes for all studied traits. The genotype DSBWYT-8 possessed better agronomic traits and growth features like early growth vigor and early ground cover. On the other hand, the genotype DSBWYT-4 performed better in yield and yield-related traits like main spike yield, grains per spike, and 1000-grains weight. Both genotype revealed excellent plot grain yield and harvest index and were not significantly different from each other. The cluster analysis grouped all the genotypes into three clades. The droughttolerant local check cultivar Khirman clustered with genotypes DSBWYT-2, DSBWYT-4, and DSBWYT-8 thus, this clade can be regarded as drought tolerant. The second cluster comprised of two genotypes, i.e., DSBWYT-1 and DSBWYT-5, which performed relatively low as compared to genotypes present in the drought-tolerant cluster, whereas the genotypes DSBWYT-3, DSBWYT-6, and DSBWYT-7 clustered together to represent low yielding genotypes under drought condition as compared with the check cultivar Khirman. Based on these results, the genotypes DSBWYT-2, DSBWYT-4, and DSBWYT-8 can be recommended as the drought-tolerant genotypes. Keywords: Spring wheat, drought, yield components, agronomic traits

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Date published: June 2022

Keywords: Spring wheat, drought, yield components, agronomic traits

DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.8