K. NURUL-AFZA, A. AZIZ, D. THIYAGU, and J.M. SHAHRILNIZAM
Citation: Nurul-Afza K, Aziz A, Thiyagu D, Shahrilnizam JM (2023). Genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) for agronomic traits. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 61-73. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.6.
The study aimed to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance in the existing sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) populations for growth and yield traits in Peninsular Malaysia. The experiment transpired in 2020 at the Centre of Excellent Tuber Crops Research, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 39 sweet potato genotypes studied consisted of introduced hybrids from the International Potato Center (CIP), Peru, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan, and local conventional and newly released cultivars and breeding lines by MARDI, Bachok, Malaysia. Analysis of variance showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among the potato genotypes for almost all the traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) appeared higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. With their high heritability estimate (>60%) and a genetic advance of 5% (>20%), the other agronomic traits: storage root yield per plant, individual storage root weight, and yield per hectare, may benefit as useful selection criteria in sweet potato development. Further, recommend these characteristics for consideration while selecting high-yielding sweet potato cultivars. Thus, the findings of this study proved valuable in future breeding programs for improving cultivars and developing more genetic variations in sweet potatoes, especially in Malaysia.
Keywords: genetic variability, heritability and genetic gain, genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, agronomic traits
Key findings: The selected sweet potato genotypes MIb3 and MIb16 gained authentication as promising lines that can serve in future breeding programs for the development of new high-yielding sweet potato cultivars in Malaysia.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 61-73, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.6
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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I. KHAN, S. GUL, N.U. KHAN, O.O. FAWIBE, N. AKHTAR, M. REHMAN, N. SABAH, M.A. TAHIR, A. IQBAL, F. NAZ, I. HAQ, and A. RAUF
Citation: Khan T, Gul S, Khan NU, Fawibe OO, Akhtar N, Rehman M, Sabah N, Tahir MA, Iqbal A, Naz F, Haq I, Rauf A (2023). Stability analysis of wheat through genotype by environment interaction in three regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 50-60. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.5.
Genotype-by-environment (GEI) interaction provides the basic information that helps breeders to select stable and superior genotypes for targeted environments. Climate change also alters the recommendations of the genotype for a specific condition. The field study carried out during the cropping seasons of 2015–2016 determined the performance of 16 wheat genotypes (13 lines and three cultivars) at three different locations: The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP), Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture, Peshawar (NIFA), and Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak-Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data on yield contributing parameters (days to heading, spike length, spikelets spike-1, grain weight spike-1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield) were collected and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stability analysis. Mean square values revealed highly significant results for all the traits under consideration for genotypes (G) and locations (L). Likewise, interactions (GEI) were highly significant for all the traits except grain weight spike-1. The performance of genotypes under different locations indicated no similarity. However, the overall performance of genotypes displayed better under environmental conditions of the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI- Location No: 03). According to the Eberhart and Russell approach, the genotypes K-87, PR-113, Pak-13, PR-112, NR-449, and KT-338 were confirmed stable under tested locations for yield contributing traits as their regression coefficient (bi) value exhibited close to unity. Correlations of grain yield with yield contributing traits considered were significant and positive except for days to heading.
Keywords: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), stability, correlation, regression coefficient (bi), genotype by environment interaction, yield-related traits
Key findings: Significant results were obtained for the traits of wheat as influenced by genotypes (G), locations (L), and interactions (GEI). However, genotype by environment interactions had no significant effect on grain weight spike-1. Stability analysis identified stability of genotypes, i.e., K-87, PR-113, Pak-13, PR-11`2, NR-449, and KT-338 under tested locations, viz., The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP), Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture, Peshawar (NIFA), and Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak-Nowshera.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 50-60, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.5
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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S. ORANAB, A. GHAFFAR, A. AHMAD, M.F.K. PASHA, B. MUNIR, S. ARIF, S. ISHAQ, S.H. MAHFOOZ, R. KOUSAR, S. ZAKIA, and H.M. AHMAD
Citation: Oranab S, Ghaffar A, Ahmad A, Pasha MFK, Munir B, Arif S, Ishaq S, Mahfooz SH, Kousar R, Zakia S, Ahmad HM (2023). Genome-wide analysis of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCS) of Arabidopsis thaliana under abiotic stresses. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 38-49. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.4.
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) in plants play a significant role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. This study analyzed 20 CNGCs of Arabidopsis thaliana for their potential role under different stresses. According to phylogenetic analysis, the abiotic stress-tolerating gene CNGC19 in A. thaliana showed as closely related to Hordeum vulgare cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 19 (HvCNGC19) in barley and Oryza sativa cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels 4 and 11 (OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC11) of rice. All CNGCs of A. thaliana contains an ion transport domain. HvCNGC19, OsCNGC4, OsCNGC11, and AtCNGC19 contained the same motif 24, which depicted that they might be expressed similarly to AtCNGC19 under salt stress. CNGCs expression signals under abiotic stress showed high expression of AtCNGC19 and AtCNGC20 under salt stress in roots and AtCNGC2 and AtCNGC4 in shoots, yet very low in roots under approximately all stresses. The findings provide widespread implications for future cell signaling research and characterization of CNGCs for their roles under different stresses.
Keywords: Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, barley, rice, motif analysis, signaling, Arabidopsis thaliana
Key findings: The phylogenetic analysis of CNGCs of A. thaliana, rice, and barley depicted that the closely related CNGCs contain similar motifs and might be expressed similarly under different stresses. CNGCs expressed differently in roots and shoots after six and 12 hours under diverse abiotic stresses in A. thaliana.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 38-49, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.4
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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N. CHOWDHURY, S. ISLAM, M.H. MIM, S. AKTER, J. NAIM, B. NOWICKA, and M.A. HOSSAIN
Citation: Chowdhury N, Islam S, Mim MH, Akter S, Naim J, Nowicka B, Hossain MA (2023). Characterization and genetic analysis of the selected rice mutant populations. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 25-37. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.3.
The development of mutant populations, followed by their characterization, offers a significant opportunity to isolate genotypes and genes with desired traits of interest. This paper assessed the agronomic performance, genetic variability, and yield-related characteristics of 22 M3 generation mutants (gamma ray-irradiated) of rice derived from a promising local rice genotype (Fatema dhan). The seeds of the selected mutants, the original parent, and three cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design at the research farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. Few mutants exhibited superior quantitative phenotypic traits compared with parental genotypes and check varieties. Mutant lines 1 and 83 required minimum days to reach maturity, and mutant lines 9, 17, and 80 exhibited significantly higher yield per plant than the parent and check varieties. Heritability analysis and genetic parameters revealed that genetic components mostly controlled all observed traits, with a minor influence on the environment. The higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic gain confirmed possible rice yield improvement through phenotypic selection. The traits, including days to first flowering and maturity, plant height, and panicle length, showed a significant positive correlation with yield. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components explained 69% of the total variation between genotypes. Thus, the promising mutant lines (1, 9, 17, 80, and 83) isolated in this study can serve for the development of high-yielding and early-maturing rice varieties.
Keywords: Gamma irradiation, mutagenesis, yield-attributing traits, genetic variability, genetic parameters
Key findings: Few promising rice mutants with higher yield potential got identified. The selected mutants can serve in a varietal development program for obtaining high-yielding rice variety.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 25-37 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.3
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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R. MAULANI, R.H. MURTI, and A. PURWANTORO
Citation: Maulani R, Murti RH, Purwantoro A (2023). Molecular diversity in populations of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 15-24. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.2.
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a self-pollinated crop, with natural cross-pollination occurring below 4%–5%. It intends to have low heterosis. Developing cross-pollination in chili currently receives much attention to achieve diversity in trait improvement. Double-crossing becomes one of the alternatives to achieving this goal. In this study, three different parental chili genotypes (K, B, and T) gained crossing, with four populations (S2 K, F3 KB, F2 BTKB, and F2 KBBT) developed. Using 11 selected sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) combination markers that target Open Reading Frame (ORF) regions assessed molecular diversity in these chili populations. Results revealed the possibility of identifying diversity using SRAP markers based on primer profile information. The iMEC analysis showed high values of PIC (0.3381), discriminant power (0.882), and mean polymorphic value (97.88%). The highest similarity emerged between the populations BTKB and KBBT as the reciprocal. Then, the smallest similarity appeared between K and the double cross. Compared with the self-pollinated genotype, SRAP primers discovered that double crosses provided more variation based on Shannon’s index (I) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL). The genetic distance denotes maternal inheritance or extraneous involvement in progeny. However, multiple-parent hybridization authenticated the boost in genetic diversity.
Keywords: Interspecific hybridization, chili hybrid, segregation, diversity of hybrid chili, reciprocal, separated clustering
Key findings: Eleven selected SRAP marker combinations can detect genetic diversity in the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid populations. The double cross population also has the potential to address the uniformity problem in the chili hybrids.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 15-24, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.2
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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D. POUDYAL, P. POUDYAL, B.K. JOSHI, S.M. SHAKYA, K.P. SINGH, and K.C. DAHAL
Citation: Poudyal D, Poudyal P, Joshi BK, Shakya SM, Singh KP, Dahal KC (2023). Genetic diversity, production, and trade of chili with special reference to Nepal. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 1-14. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.1.
Chili is a popular spice crop in Nepal, a country with countless genetic diversity and a wider distribution covering areas from the tropics to the warm temperate regions. However, the exploitation of chili’s genetic potential to improve yield has faced challenges by different factors. An analytical study on genetic diversity, production challenges, and marketing opportunities of chili was still lacking in Nepal. This study aims to provide information on chili diversity, its distribution, and uses in Nepal, discussing the potential role of chili in Nepalese agriculture. Mainly, the study is a desk review complemented with a field study. Total chili production increases with an increasing area under cultivation over the years. In 2021, chili production covered 23,083 ha, 13% higher than in 2020. Per capita chili consumption is estimated at 9.8 kg in 2021. Diversity in chili phenotypes grown in the study area of Nepal has been noted. On a nine-point scale, higher variations showed in fruit traits (5 ± 1.5), floral morphology (4 ± 0.8 distinct types of flowers), leaf size (3 ± 0.7), plant height (3 ± 0.8), and maturity (3 ± 0.8) among chili genotypes in the area studied. Insect pests (15.6%) and diseases (16.4%) emerged as the main problems in chili cultivation, followed by drought stress (14.8%) and a shortage of fertilizers (10.1%). Marketing-related issues shared 2.7% among the 12 main concerns, particularly farmers who suffered more from inadequate market information. In addition, estimates on seed requirements, seed sources, existing chili varieties, and market segments also gained focus. The need for demand-based action research to strengthen Nepalese chili production and marketing proves imperative to fulfill the growing domestic demand and export potential.
Keywords: biotic and abiotic stress; chili production issues; hot pepper; phenotypic markers; and phenotyping
Key findings: Nepal is rich in chili genetic resources, with records of notable phenotypic variations for fruit traits (average of five distinct shapes, sizes, and orientations in seven studied locations), for flower characters (average of four different colors and orientations), for leaf characters (average of three distinct sizes), for plant height (three different heights), and maturity (three levels of maturity) during the field study. Chili serves as the most significant spice crop in Nepal. The total area coverage and chili production increased over the years. In 2021, a larger area of more than 23,000 ha gained cultivation, producing nearly 184,900 MT and a per capita consumption estimated at 9.8 kg. The main culprits of the low productivity (8 ± 0.3 MT/ha) of chili in the country consist of biotic factors (insect pests and pathogens) (49%), abiotic factors (drought stress and fertilizer shortage) (40%), and managerial limitations (11%).
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 1-14, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.1
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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N.Y. SIAL, M. FAHEEM, M.A. SIAL, A.R. ROONJHO, F. MUHAMMAD, A.A. KEERIO, M. ADEEL, S. ULLAH, Q. HABIB, and M. AFZAL
SUMMARY
Drought is the most devastating abiotic stress which has significantly threatened global wheat production. The recent study was designed to evaluate the performance of eight exotic wheat lines through the Drought Spring Bread Wheat Yield Trial (DSBWYT), along with a local drought-tolerant check cultivar, Khirman, under water-stressed conditions based on agronomic and yield-related traits. The experiment was conducted during cropping season 2019–2020 in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, Pakistan. The analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among the genotypes for all studied traits. The genotype DSBWYT-8 possessed better agronomic traits and growth features like early growth vigor and early ground cover. On the other hand, the genotype DSBWYT-4 performed better in yield and yield-related traits like main spike yield, grains per spike, and 1000-grains weight. Both genotype revealed excellent plot grain yield and harvest index and were not significantly different from each other. The cluster analysis grouped all the genotypes into three clades. The droughttolerant local check cultivar Khirman clustered with genotypes DSBWYT-2, DSBWYT-4, and DSBWYT-8 thus, this clade can be regarded as drought tolerant. The second cluster comprised of two genotypes, i.e., DSBWYT-1 and DSBWYT-5, which performed relatively low as compared to genotypes present in the drought-tolerant cluster, whereas the genotypes DSBWYT-3, DSBWYT-6, and DSBWYT-7 clustered together to represent low yielding genotypes under drought condition as compared with the check cultivar Khirman. Based on these results, the genotypes DSBWYT-2, DSBWYT-4, and DSBWYT-8 can be recommended as the drought-tolerant genotypes. Keywords: Spring wheat, drought, yield components, agronomic traits
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Spring wheat, drought, yield components, agronomic traits
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.8