D.M. SABRA, A.M. REDA, E.A. EL-SHAWY, Y.Z. EL-REFAEE, and R.E. ABDELRAOUF
To cite this manuscript: Sabra DM, Reda AM, El-Shawy EA, El-Refaee YZ, Abdelraouf RE (2023). Improving barley production under deficient irrigation water and mineral fertilizers conditions. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 211-229. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.20.
Scarcity in irrigation water led to a gradual increase in water stress, consequently causing a decrease in dry matter, nitrogen uptake, productivity, and the protein content of barley. During two growing seasons, 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, two field experiments ensued to improve barley production in sandy soil under a deficit of irrigation water. The statistical analysis helped recommend the best factors to achieve maximum benefit with barley production under dry conditions and nitrogen mineral fertilizers. The significant variations occurred when irrigating with 60% full irrigation only, but were nonsignificant when irrigating with 80% full irrigation. Increasing the number of mineral fertilization doses to nine times resulted in higher nitrogen concentrations and availability inside the root-spreading area for the longest possible period without washing outside the root-spreading area by deep percolation than when given with three doses only. Irrigating with 80% full irrigation and nine dosages of mineral fertilization obtained the highest and best yield values. It resulted in a 20% reduction in irrigation water use and increased nitrogen fertilizer effectiveness through repeated application doses, resulting in increased productivity and less groundwater pollution. The simulation model received SALTMED model values with high accuracy for most of the studied traits; the R2 was not less than 0.97; therefore, it can function well under sandy soil conditions, which suffer from water scarcity.
Keywords: Deficit irrigation, fertilization doses, SALTMED model, soil moisture, water stress, water productivity, barley
Key findings: The low productivity of barley crops results in less irrigation water. Saving 20% of irrigation water happened with nonsignificant differences in productivity values when irrigating 100% or 80% of full irrigation occurred. Increasing the frequency of fertilizing doses leads to higher productivity values. Using the SALTMED Model gave high accuracy in simulating actual results.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 211-229, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.20
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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SH.O. BASTAUBAYEVA, B.M. AMANGALIEV, E.K. ZHUSSUPBEKOV, L.K. TABYNBAYEVA, M. BATYRBEK, А.T. RAIYMBEKOVA, S. MEMON, and S.A. MEMON
To cite this manuscript: Bastaubayeva SO, Amangaliev BM, Zhussupbekov EK, Tabynbayeva LK, Batyrbek M, Raiymbekova AT, Memon S, Memon SA (2023). Irrigation and mineral fertilizer effects on physical properties of light chestnut soil used in the cultivation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 202- 210. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.19.
This work studied the effect of irrigation and mineral fertilizers on the physical properties of light chestnut soil used in cultivating sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The experiment happened in 2021 on an irrigated field with an area of 2 ha in the territory of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, District Karasai, Almaty region, Kazakhstan. A sugar beet hybrid (obtained from domestic selection ‘Aksu’ and foreign selection ‘Yampol’) cultivation used four levels of mineral fertilizers, i.e., 0:0:0 (control), 90:90:60, 120:120:90, and 150:150:120 NPK kg ha-1. During the sugar beet growing season, all periods of observations recorded an increase in the bulk density in the upper, middle, and lower soil layers, from 1.14–1.27 g/cm3 to 1.31–1.48 g/cm3. The content of agronomically valuable aggregates in 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm soil layers decreased from the germination phase to harvesting of sugar beet in extensive technology (10.0%–15.7%) and intensive technologies (2.3%–13.1%). In these soil layers, the number of water-stable aggregates decreased from the beginning of renewal to the end of the growing season of sugar beet in technology without the use of fertilizers (2.9%–6.4%) and in technologies with the application of mineral fertilizers (1.6%–7.6%). In the soil layers, the noted highest content of productive moisture occurred in the phase of closing the leaves in the rows with the extensive technology of sugar beet cultivation (51.5–213.2 mm). Irrigation during the sugar beet growing season reduces the content of agronomically-valuable and water-stable aggregates in soil layers to the minimum values for harvesting in technology without the use of fertilizers (50.5%–54.4% and 12.9%–14.2%) and technology with the use of mineral fertilizers (52.3%–54.4% and 10.9%–13.5%), respectively.
Keywords: Sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.), light chestnut soil, soil layers, soil aggregates, mineral fertilizers, productive moisture, bulk density
Key findings: During the growing season of sugar beet, an increase in bulk density in the upper, middle and lower layers of the soil was observed for all observation periods from 1.14-1.27 g/cm3 to 1.31-1.48 g/cm3. The content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the soil layers of 0-10 cm, 10- 20 cm and 20-30 cm decreased from the germination phase to the harvesting of sugar beet by extensive technology (10.0-15.7%) and intensive technology (2.3-13.1%).
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 202-210, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.19
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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H. RAMZAN, M.A. TAHIR, G. SARWAR, N.U. SABAH, S. GUL, and M.Z. Manzoor
Citation: Ramzan H, Tahir MA, Sarwar G, Sabah NU, Gul S, Manzoor MZ (2023). Potassium application using the 4R nutrient stewardship approach for improving wheat growth and yield traits. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 187-201. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.18.
Potassium (K) plays a key role in numerous plant metabolic processes, and its adequate amount is necessary for proper plant growth and development. Imbalanced fertilizer application has rapidly depleted the soil available K and harmed crops. However, the science-based K application in crops must follow the 4R nutrient stewardship approach to enhance crop yields. Therefore, a planned pot study used the 4R nutrient management technique for wheat potassium management. The evaluation of two wheat cultivars (Punjab-2008 and Barani-2011) employed two commercial K sources (MOP and SOP) with different application methods (basal and foliar) and sowing times (15 October, 15 November, and 15 December). The wheat variety Punjab-2008 performed better in root and shoot length, fresh biomass, and grain yield between 15 October and 15 November. Meanwhile, the Barani-2011, sown on 15 November, produced higher total chlorophyll contents and water use efficiency (WUE). The use of SOP (high dose), MOP (medium to high dose), and foliar spray of SOP at 1.5% and 3% resulted in maximum shoot length and the root-to-shoot ratio for both tested cultivars. Punjab-2008 produced higher grain yield when applied with a high SOP level than a high level of MOP. Similarly, a maximum leaf area index and proline contents observed in Punjab-2008 occurred with a high level of SOP applied. In contrast, a higher net photosynthesis rate and WUE emerged in Barani-2011 under a medium SOP level and a higher level of MOP. Thus, the conclusion is that medium to high rates of SOP proved a better source of K nutrition for improving yield parameters of wheat cultivars.
Keywords: Potassium management, 4R nutrient stewardship approach, nutrient use efficiency, grain yield
Key findings: The K fertilizer application using the 4R stewardship approach improved wheat crop quality and yield attributes. As observed, the medium to high rates of SOP proved a better source of K nutrition in helping improve yield parameters of wheat cultivars. Punjab-2008 performed better in wheat growth and yield attributes, while Barani-2011 found it efficient for physiological and biochemical traits. However, both cultivars gave the best results when sown on 15th November.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 187-201, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.18
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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E. RESIDA, T. CHIKMAWATI, N. ARIYANTI, and FITMAWATI
Citation: Resida E, Chikmawati T, Ariyanti N, Fitmawati (2023). Mangifera kemanga Blume (Anacardiaceae) taxonomic assessment for genetic diversity based on molecular substantiation. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 175-186. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.17.
Mangifera kemanga Blume is a wild relative of mango (Mangifera indica) and a local fruit with various potential uses. The community uses its fruit and leaves for food and its wood as a building material. However, the genetic diversity and taxonomic status of M. kemanga species still need more exploration and have a dispute with M. caesia Jack. The presented study aimed to determine the taxonomic status of M. kemanga and its relationship with M. caesia through a molecular approach and to recognize the species’ delimitation. The recorded data analysis used the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence. Carrying out DNA isolation employed the Geneaid Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Plant) protocol, with the DNA sequences analyzed for kinship using Maximum Parsimony and Neighbor-Joining methods and genetic diversity analysis performed using DnaSP 6. A total of 27 trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence identification and authentication resulted from BLAST on NCBI as sequences derived from the genus Mangifera. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the accessions of M. kemanga and M. caesia are very similar, hence, considered not as independent species. Thus, based on the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences, M. kemanga is a synonym of M. caesia with taxonomic status as a variety of M. caesia. This molecular-based taxonomic evidence is significant for determining the valid species status of M. kemanga so that it can provide basic information for further studies on biodiversity and germplasm conservation.
Keywords: Mangifera caesia, genetic diversity, molecular analysis, morphological traits, phylogenetic, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer marker
Key findings: Based on the accessions of M. kemanga and M. caesia collected from four islands in Indonesia, collecting molecular data used the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer marker, which provides several sequences that have yet to be published. The molecular analysis gave new taxonomic substantiation to determine the status of M. kemanga. Furthermore, the present data
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 175-186, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.17
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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T. HANDAYANI, A.D. PRAWESTRI, R.S. RAHAYU, and A. LEKSONOWATI
Citation: Handayani T, Prawestri AD, Rahayu RS, Leksonowati A (2023). Oryzalin-induced taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) tetraploid and diploid assessment for growth and agronomic traits. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 163-174. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.16.
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. cv. Pontianak) is a popular and widely cultivated cultivar in the Indonesian farming community. In taro Pontianak, manipulating the ploidy level by chromosome doubling can enhance its genetic diversity. The latest study aimed to evaluate the oryzalin-induced polyploid taro cv. Pontianak compared with its diploid in terms of growth, anatomical, cytological, morphological, and agronomic traits in the greenhouse and the field. In vitro shoots of taro cv. Pontianak were soaked using a liquid medium supplemented with oryzalin with a concentration of 30 and 60 μM for one day. After five times of subcultures, flow cytometry analysis proceeded to determine their ploidy levels. The diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x) plantlets were then acclimatized in the greenhouse for six to eight weeks and hardened for two months before planting in the field for 10 months. Squashing the root tip to ensure the ploidy levels of taro seedlings helped measure the chromosome numbers. Observing the growth, anatomical, and agronomic traits of diploid and tetraploid plants occurred during the hardening process until harvest time. The 30 μM oryzalin treatment produced tetraploid and mixoploid shoots; none from the 60 μM treatment. Oryzalininduced tetraploid taro exhibited some morphological characteristics of tetraploid plants, such as, longer stomata size and low density. Tubers of tetraploid plants tended to have increased protein, ash, and water content compared with their diploid counterpart. However, tetraploid taro showed a slower growth rate both in the greenhouse and the field. Additionally, it gave lower yields than diploids in some agronomic characteristics, including delayed flowering time, lower plant fresh weight, and smaller tubers. This study provides information that oryzalin-induced tetraploid taro could exhibit increasing and decreasing nutritional-agronomic traits (as mentioned above) compared with its diploid.
Keywords: Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. cv. Pontianak), ploidy manipulation, genetic diversity, proximate analysis, field evaluation, growth traits
Key findings: Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. cv. Pontianak) ploidy level manipulation in vitro used 30 μM oryzalin. The oryzalin-induced tetraploid taro has varied agronomic traits and proximate contents compared with their diploid genotypes.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 163-174, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.16
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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K.A.M. KHALED, R.M.M. HABIBA, J.A. BASHASHA, C.R. AZZAM, and M.H. ABDEL-AZIZ
Citation: Khaled KAM, Habiba RMM, Bashasha JA, Azzam CR, M.H. Abdel-Aziz MH (2023). In silico and genetic analysis related to tillering ability in maize. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 156-162. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.15.
Maize developed from its ancestor, teosinte, about 10,000 years ago. The evolution has gone from teosinte with multiple tillers to single-tiller maize plants. An investigation took place to identify and sequence genes related to tillering ability in maize and perform In silico analysis. Mating proceeded by manual pollination between the commercial hybrid SC2031 of maize (Zea mays L.) and the teosinte genotype Domiata (Durra rayyana). The parents, F1 hybrids, and their F2 progenies gained evaluation for tillering ability. The SC2031 (low or no-tillers) exhibited fragments ranging from 75 to 420 bp. The fragment observed with 262 bp size was in the F1 and nine out of 10 low-tillering F2 progenies. The Domiata parent, a high-tillering variety, exhibited three fragments ranging from 82 to 534 bp. The fragment with 445 in size occurred in nine out of 10 high-tillering F2 progenies. The fragment of 262 bp, which may be responsible for the low tillering ability, and the fragment of 445 bp, for the high tillering ability, were eluted from the gel, sequenced, and submitted to GenBank. The predicted protein, T1-L, of the DNA sequence from the low-tillering parent has a molecular weight of 6.69 kD and pI of 6.53, belonging to the GRAS family, which plays an important role as transcriptional factors required for the adequate pattern of radial rooting and shooting. The predicted protein, T1-H, of the DNA sequence from the high-tillering parent has a molecular weight of 14.08 kD, and pI of 7.97, belonging to the TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF1 (TCP) family that plays an essential role as transcriptional factors required for apical dominance.
Keywords: Tillering, maize, GRAS protein, TCP protein, transcriptional factors, In silico
Key findings: The fragment of 262 bp might be responsible for low tillering ability and produced a protein with 6.69 kD belonging to the GRAS family. In comparison, the fragment of 445 bp might be responsible for high tillering ability and produced a protein with 14.08 kD belonging to the TCP family.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 156-162, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.15
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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K.S. ABDEL-LATEIF and E.M. ABD EL-GHANY
Citation: Abdel-Lateif KS, Abd El-Ghany EM (2023). Characterization of Rhizobium isolates as biocontrol agents against Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 146-155. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.14.
This study recovered 15 Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium isolates from nodules of different legume plants (Faba bean, Pea, Soybean, and Clover) grown in nine Egyptian governorates representing the delta region (Menoufia, Gharbia, Suez, Qalubia, Cairo, Sharkia, Behirah, Kafr El-sheikh, and Ismailia). The infectivity test proceeded with all isolates retaining and infecting their hosts, demonstrating that they are Rhizobium cultures. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to two species of Rhizobium, namely Rhizobium leguminosarum (RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8, RL9, RL10, RL11, RL12, and RL13) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BJ1 and BJ2). Moreover, PCR based on specific primers was employed to detect nifH gene in the genomes of tested isolates. Most of the isolates exhibited sensitivity toward antibiotics, and were able to produce HCN. The isolates of RL4, RL6, RL9, and RL10 were positive for chitinase activity and exhibited clear zones ranging from weak to sturdy. The antagonism evaluation of Rhizobium isolates against Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina ensued under in vitro conditions. The isolates RL6 and RL9 of R. leguminosarum were the most effective, suppressing more than 50% growth of M. phaseolina. Similarly, the isolates RL4, RL6, RL9, and RL10 revealed the most effective and inhibited more than 50% growth of F. solani. Interestingly, the isolates RL6 and RL9, which exhibited high levels of suppression against M. phaseolina, also displayed high levels of suppression against F. solani.
Keywords: Rhizobium, 16S rRNA, antagonism, Fusarium, Macrophomina
Key findings: Some isolates were superior in inhibiting M. phaseolina and F. solani pathogens. These results indicate that Rhizobia can be used as an excellent biological control agent in root rot disease management.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 146-155, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.14
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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B. ZAYED, S. BASSIOUNI, A. OKASHA, M. ABDELHAMED, S. SOLTAN, and M. NEGM
Citation: Zayed B, Bassiouni S, Okasha A, Abdelhamed M, Soltan S, Negm M (2023). Path coefficient, eigenvalues, and genetic parameters in Egyptian rice (Oryza sativa L.) under aerobic conditions. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 131-145. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.13.
The genetic parameters, eigenvalues in principal components, correlation, and path coefficient in Egyptian rice (Oryza sativa L.) proceeded to understand the interrelationship among studied traits, which helps develop selection strategies in genetic breeding programs under aerobic conditions. Twelve rice genotypes planted under the aerobic condition in a randomized complete block design included three replications during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among studied genotypes, indicating a broad genetic diversity among its genotypes. Eigenvalues used helped to understand the data structure and trait relations and divided the 21 traits into two components. The highly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations appeared in 16 characteristics, i.e., leaf area index, total chlorophyll, and antioxidant traits, indicating that any improvement of these traits will improve rice grain yield under aerobic conditions. The path structure showed that panicle weight, the number of panicles hill-1, catalase, superoxide dismutase, root length, and flag leaf area had increased grain yield. The current results indicated that Egyptian hybrid1, GZ9399, and Giza179 could recommend for cultivation under aerobic conditions and serve as donors in breeding programs to improve tolerance to drought under aerobic conditions.
Keywords: aerobic rice, path coefficient, correlation, eigenvalue, genetic advance, heritability
Key findings: Aerobic rice in the furrow saved water, with less water required. The high differences found among studied genotypes under aerobic conditions revealed the best rice genotypes as donor in the breeding program that will help improve drought tolerance under aerobic conditions. The path analysis diagram showed that the most traits affecting grain yield were panicle weight, the number of panicles, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and leaf area index. These traits could benefit selection in breeding programs under aerobic conditions.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 131-145, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.13
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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S.O. BASTAUBAYEVA, N.D. SLYAMOVA, A.E. KHIDIROV, G.T. MEIRMAN, M.B. BEKBATYROV, and A.M. USTEMIROVA
Citation: Bastaubayeva SO, Slyamova ND, Khidirov AE, Meirman GT, Bekbatyrov MB, Ustemirova AM (2023). Biological significance of alfalfa in the development of organic farming in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 123-130. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.12.
The ecological situation and modern agro-landscape improvement, soil fertility maintenance and uplifting, formation of ecologically safe agro-ecosystems with germplasm diversity in crop rotation, and cultures-soil conditioners are the focus of the study. Nitrogen is a vital element required in larger quantities by plants; however, lack of it has become a problem in organic farming. The presented study suggests ways organic farming can boost up nitrogen in return to address nitrogen deficiency. The research shows data on the harvest of three-year standing alfalfa and indicators of the efficiency of annual crops’ use in the crop rotation of organic farming. The study findings exhibited that alfalfa accumulates residues of up to 13–17 t ha-1 in three years of standing, containing more than 280–300, 63–80, and 66–120 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. In the efficiency of different crop rotations, the alfalfa accumulated 13 and 20 t ha-1 organic residues in the two- and three-year periods, respectively. More than 11 t ha-1 of green mass containing 65 to 70 kg of nitrogen, 20 to 25 kg of phosphorous, and 55 to 60 kg of potassium accumulates in the soil in welded form. By sowing in good time, mixed with oats, leave the soil with up to 12–15 t of organic matter, containing 190–200, 35–40, and 230–250 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. A pea-oat mixture of about 12.0 t ha-1 of green mass resulted in 132, 46, and 102 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. The latest findings can serve as a basis for the development of new approaches related to the organic farming system in Southeast Kazakhstan.
Keywords: Alfalfa, Southeast Kazakhstan, organic farming, crop rotation, soil fertility, green manure, light chestnut soil
Key findings: The presented findings revealed that alfalfa accumulates residues up to 13–17 t ha-1 in three years of standing, containing more than 280–300, 63–80, and 66–120 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. In various crop rotations’ efficiency, alfalfa accumulated 13 and 20 t ha-1 organic residues in two- and three-year periods, respectively.
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 123-130, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.12
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
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A. MULYANA, B.S. PURWOKO, I.S. DEWI, and A. MAHARIJAYA
Citation: Mulyana A, Purwoko BS, Dewi IS, Maharijaya A (2023). In vitro diploidization of haploid plantlet from anther culture of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using pendimethalin. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 115- 122. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.11.
The availability of anther culture methods for producing pure lines in a doubled-haploid (DH) plant form makes it possible to accelerate the development of hybrid varieties in eggplant. Previous studies have developed an efficient eggplant anther culture method. However, the formation of spontaneous DH plants through this method is relatively low, ranging from 25%–30%. Recently several studies reported that pendimethalin effectively duplicates the chromosome numbers of several plant species in vitro. This study aimed to determine the pendimethalin effect on the diploidization of eggplant haploid plantlets from anther culture. The study compared three concentrations of antimitotic pendimethalin: 100 μM, 300 μM, and 1000 μM in three incubation durations: two, four, and six days. The results showed the treatment with a pendimethalin concentration of 300 μM incubated for two days gave the highest level of plantlet diploidization at 75.0%. In vitro, chromosomal duplication treatment using pendimethalin with different concentrations and duration of incubation time affected the plantlet survival and growth of eggplant haploid plantlets. The increase in pendimethalin concentration and incubation duration inhibited the physiology and growth of plantlets and affected alteration in the ploidy level of eggplant haploid plantlets.
Keywords: diploidization, doubled haploid, Solanum melongena L., pendimethalin
Key findings: Pendimethalin
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
55 (1) 115-122, 2023
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.11
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978
Date published: February 2023
« Back to main page of SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics Vol. 55 No. 1