This final issue for 2015 contains articles on tomato, jatropha, rice, maize, linseed, pea, lentil, fenugreek, rice, etc
This issue for 2015 has articles on sesame, okra, cotton, rice, barley, bitter gourd, maize and Indian mustard in Sudan, Myanmar, and India.
JOURNAL OF BREEDING AND GENETICS
VOL. 47 NO. 2 JUNE 2015
CONTENTS
Research articles
This first issue for 2015 has articles on cabbage, wheat, corn, tomato and coriander.
B. AMANOV, K. MUMINOV, S. SAMANOV, F. ABDIEV, D. ARSLANOV, and N. TURSUNOVA
SUMMARY
The conducted study, with focus on the earliness and opening rate of bolls, and other economic traits of introgressive cotton lines, was carried out from 2017 to 2019 at the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, and Genetics and Evolution Biology Department, in Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Overall, the introgressive cotton lines were found to ripen two to 13 days earlier than a standard cotton cultivar C-6524. Particularly, in line L-РСМ, the vegetation period took 109 days and matured 12.3 days earlier than a standard cultivar check. According to the boll weight, the selected cotton lines were identified to have the best performance, as well as, good germination ability of seeds. The cotton line, Т-138, was found highly resistant to strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum pathogenic fungi, while the lines, L-РСМ and L-138, had 80% to 100% resistance to Verticillium dahliaе fungi. The cotton lines, L-РСМ and L-141, were not infected with Fusarium solani fungi. The cluster analysis revealed that according to the economic traits, the first cluster included lines L-24 and L-138 and were found to be closely related to each other. The line, LРСМ, was included in the third cluster, and it was found that this cotton line was among the cultivars with the best performance for all the valuable economic traits. The comparative analysis of cotton lines resulted in a creation of a new medium-fiber cotton cultivar “Niso,” with the productivity of 3,830 to 5,650 kg ha-1, boll weight of 6.0 to 6.7 g, boll opening at 109.0 to 112.0 days, type IV fiber, 1000seed weight of 118.0 to 120.0 g, fiber percentage ranging from 36.9% to 41.4%, fiber length at 34.0 to 35.9 mm, and relative tensile strength (34.6 cN/tex). Cotton lines obtained on the basis of intergenomic introgression methods were included in the leading “Cotton gene pool” (Reference of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan №4/1255-2473 dated November 12, 2020). These introgressive cotton lines made it possible to enrich the collection of cotton, to evaluate wild cotton species, and to form a system of information and analysis of the electronic database of adaptable stress factors and genetically enriched samples.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Cotton, introgressive lines, genome, cultivars, earliness, bolls, boll weight, fiber yield, fiber length, and strength
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.9
H.E.A. NEMEATA ALLA and S.A.M. HELMY
SUMMARY
Two field experiments were carried out on a private farm at Wadi El-Natrun (latitude of 30.48° N and longitude of 30.50° E), Beheira Governorate, Egypt, in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 seasons, to find out the effect of adding zeolite as a soil conditioner and potassium fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of sugar beet crop (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera) grown in sandy soil conditions. The present work included 12 treatments, which were the combinations of four zeolite levels (Zero, 476, 952, and 1,428 kg ha-1), and three levels of potassium in the form of potassium sulfate (119, 178.5, and 238 kg K2.SO4 ha-1), which were added as a soil application. The treatments were arranged in a complete block design in a split plot with four replications. The results showed that higher values of the photosynthetic pigments, root diameter, fresh and foliage weights plant-1, as well as, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages, quality index, yields of the root, top, and sugar ha-1, were obtained by adding 1,428 kg zeolite, compared with the other levels of zeolite, in both seasons. However, sodium, alpha-amino N contents in the root, and sugar lost to molasses% were insignificantly affected by zeolite rates in both seasons. Application of 238 kg K2.SO4 ha-1significantly resulted in the highest values of photosynthetic pigments, root dimensions, sucrose%, and root potassium content. In addition, extracted sugar %, quality index, root, top, and sugar yields ha-1 were increased compared with the other lower K-sulphate levels in both seasons. On the contrary, sugar lost to molasses% was insignificantly affected by applied potassium sulfate in both seasons. The maximum values of root diameter, fresh weight, yields of root and top ha-1 in both seasons, and also sugar yield in the second season were produced from the interaction between applying 1,428 kg zeolite and 238 kg potassium sulfate ha1.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: potassium sulphate, sandy soil, sugar beet, zeolite
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.20
MOHAMMED A.J. and A.S.A. AL-JANABI
SUMMARY
The existent research aimed to study the effects of irrigation with liquefied water, saline-well water, and foliar application of aspartic and ascorbic acids on the chemical properties of grafted orange seedlings in the years 2020–2021 at the Horticulture and Forestry Division, Najaf Agriculture Directorate, Iraq. The main plot was the irrigation water (liquefied and saline-well water). Meanwhile, foliar application of aspartic acid (0, 100, and 150 mg.L-1) and ascorbic acid (0, 4000 mg.L-1) served as the second and third factors in subplots. Compared with the saline-well water, regular liquefied water had a significant positive impact on the improvement of chemical traits, i.e., the liquefied water attained the highest rate of nitrogen content in leaves (2.600%) compared with the saline-well water (2.239%). Ascorbic acid (4000 mg.L-1) also had a significant effect on the leaf’s contents, providing the highest percentage of phosphorus (0.4060%) and reduced sodium (0.5277%) compared with the control in the leaves of orange seedlings. The saline-well water with no addition of ascorbic acid (control) provided the highest average content of the amino acid proline (132.2 μg.g-1 fresh weight) in the sweet orange leaves compared with the other treatments and their interactions. Sweet orange seedlings with foliar application of aspartic and ascorbic acids authenticated that the peroxidase activity rate appeared more effective than all other treatments and the control.
Keywords: Sweet orange transplants, liquefied water, saline-well water, aspartic and ascorbic acids
Key findings: Salinity impacts agriculture, thus the need to induce crop plants with salt tolerance to sustain their economic output. Antioxidants, such as, aspartic and ascorbic acids, have auxinic action and a synergistic effect on salinity tolerance and plant growth.
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.25
M.T. CAASI-LIT and A.M.D. MARMETO
SUMMARY
Philippine traditional maize has long existed for hundreds of years, facing and coping with continuous threats of different pests and diseases, with Asian corn borer and fall armyworm as the most damaging insect pests. Developing resistant varieties can employ rich genetic resources, as these varieties may have likely adapted to these biotic stresses. The development of ACB-resistant varieties proved successful with the Bt corn introduction; however, the attempt to breed for resistance to FAW is still underway. The two insect pests belong under the same Order, and cross-resistance between these pests may be possible. In this study, several traditional maize varieties underwent screening for resistance to ACB and FAW through larval survival on leaf-feeding assay. Among the accessions observed, three variants of APN 0120 (Silangan) and three other traditional maize (APN 0397, APN 0913, APN 0938) showed intermediate to high resistance toward FAW leaf damage. Few of these resistant varieties showed negative to Bt introgression. The most notable is the variant SI of APN 0120, with high resistance to ACB and FAW and low larval weight, without the presence of Bt. A previous report stated the original collection of this accession have potential ACB resistance, although Bt-introgressed. On the other hand, APN 0397 (Lagkitan), introgressed with Bt Cry1Ab, expressed dual resistance to ACB and FAW, too. It elucidates the reaction and potential of previously screened ACB-resistant varieties against FAW and the efficiency of Cry1Ab against FAW. It also demonstrates the potential of the traditional maize as source of germplasm to be explored to promote the utilization of open-pollinated varieties with inherent insect resistance. Moreover, this paper establishes massrearing procedures and laboratory techniques for effective fall armyworm-resistance screening using excised leaf method.
Keywords: Asian corn borer, bioassay technique, fall armyworm, host plant resistance, insect resistance, Philippine traditional maize
Key findings: Eight variants of Philippine traditional maize APN 0120 and two other conventional varieties showed potential resistance to ACB leaf feeding. In addition, three APN 120 variants and three more traditional maize exhibited possible fall armyworm leaf-feeding resistance. Dual resistance to both insect pests took notice on a few entries.
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.24
A.S. AL-BAYATI and H.H. MAJEED
SUMMARY
This current research proceeded during the growing season of 2021 at the Al-Nakhil Station, Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq, to evaluate the response of hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) ‘OULA F1’ to foliar application of organic fertilizers NP and calcium. The first factor included spraying phosphorous and nitrogen with three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 ml.L-1), while the second consisted of calcium spray with three different concentrations (0, 1.25, and 2.5 ml.L-1). The experiment was setup according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a factorial arrangement. The results showed that the organic fertilizer rich in phosphorus at a concentration of 2 ml.L-1 significantly improved the traits, i.e., plant height (49.98 cm), leaf number (34.80 leaves.plant1), leaf area (3775.90 cm2.plant-1), shoot dry weight (156.70 g.plant-1), and leaf content of total chlorophyll (183.19 mg.l00g-1 FW) in comparison with the control treatment. Also, the same concentration of phosphorus revealed superiority in the percentage of N, P, K, and Ca in tomato leaves and fruit yield per plant (1.79%, 0.71%, 2.23%, 1.69%, and 2.89% kg.plant-1, respectively), compared with the control treatment. Moreover, the results further revealed that the organic calcium fertilizer at a concentration of 2.5 ml L-1 realized the highest averages for plant height, leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, leaf N percent, leaf P percent, leaf K percent, and fruit yield per plant by 52.39 cm, 35.27 leaves.plant-1, 3850.20 cm2.plant-1, 175.73 g.plant-1, 1.74%, 0.70%, 2.17%, and 3.12 kg.plant-1, respectively. The foliar application of calcium at a concentration of 1.25 ml.L-1 provided the maximum total chlorophyll (175.03 mg.l00g-1 FW) and Ca (1.74%) in the leaves.
Keywords: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), organic fertilizer, phosphorus and nitrogen, calcium, total chlorophyll, growth and yield traits
Key findings: Results showed that the foliar application of organic fertilizers rich in phosphorus and nitrogen (2 ml.L-1) and calcium (2.5 ml.L-1), individually or in combination, have significantly improved most of the growth and yield traits in the hybrid tomato.
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.23
H.S. JAAFAR, A.A. ABD, and A.S. AL-BAYATI
SUMMARY
The latest study aimed to assess the response of the broad bean to the magnetically-treated irrigation water and foliar application of nano-seaweed extract for growth and productivity traits. This experiment took place during the growing season of 2020–2021 under field conditions at Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Turkish broad bean cultivar ‘Luz-de-otono’ was grown in a split-plot design by two factors with three replicates. The main plots received magnetized irrigation water with three diverse intensities (zero, 1000, and 2000 Gauss), while the nano-seaweed extract with three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 ml.L-1) in the subplots. On average, the magnetization treatment at 2000 Gauss attained significant improvement in the growth and morphological traits (plant height, branch number per plant, leaf number, leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll content) and yield traits (pod number, pod weight, plant yield, and total yield), compared with the control that gave the lowest values. Nanoseaweed foliar application at 2 ml.L-1 also revealed a significant increase and improvement in the same growth, morphological, and yield-related traits aforementioned, compared with the control treatment that gave the minimum values. Correspondingly, the interaction between both factors (magnetization intensity 2000 Gauss + Seaweed at 2 ml.L-1) also showed significant effects and provided the highest averages of plant height (36.05 cm), branch number per plant (7.04 branch.plant-1), leaf number (72.19 leaves.plant-1), leaf area (3775.88 cm2.plant-1), and total leaf chlorophyll content (45.47 mg.100 g-1 FW) and yield traits: pod number (19.11 pods.plant-1), pod weight (26.87 g), plant yield (513.49 g), and total yield (11.61 t.ha-1), compared with the control treatment.
Keywords: Broad bean (Vicia faba L.), magnetized irrigation water, nano-seaweed extract, control, growth and morphological traits, yield-related variables
Key findings: Irrigation water at magnetization intensity (2000 Gauss) and the exogenous application of nano-seaweed extract at 2 ml.L-1 individually and in combination have significantly enhanced the growth and yield traits in broad beans (Vicia faba L.).
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.22