Published: June 2020
The anthocyanin and phenolic yields and antioxidant activity of seven waxy corn genotypes, their F1 progenies, and hybrid checks grown during two growing seasons in 2018–2019 were assessed. The mode of gene action on the traits of interest was investigated, and promising lines with high anthocyanin in whole-ear components were identified. An overwhelming dominance genetic effect, high reciprocal cross effects, and low heritability for targeted traits in corn husks and cobs were revealed. Promising lines, namely NSX/DKA/PF for corn husk anthocyanin content, PF/AB and S6248/TB/KND//PF for corn cob anthocyanin content, and PF/AB and TB/KND//PF for corn kernel anthocyanin content, were identified.
Published: June 2020
The diversity and functions of bamboo in peatlands were determined. Five genera, 17 species, and three varieties were identified and delineated into two groups. The most closely related species were Bambusa vulgaris Schard. Ex Wendl. var. striata and B. vulgaris Schard. Ex Wendl. var. vulgaris, whereas the most distantly related species were Gigantochloa kuring Widjaja and Gigantochloa atter (Kurz). Bamboo had 21 types of uses and is generally used as a soil-retaining plant and a clean-water filter. B. vulgaris Schard. Ex Wendl. var. vulgaris had multiple purposes and showed adaptability to all types of habitats. This species has the potential to be developed in peatland areas.
Published: June 2020
Starch production by four different cassava genotypes grown in four different upper paddy fields during the off-season of rice was studied. Early storage root formation, rapid starch production rate, and high starch yield accumulation were identified as relevant traits top-yielding cassava genotypes in off-season rice paddy systems. CMR38-125-77 was identified as a satisfactory cassava genetic resource.
Nineteen pepper accessions were evaluated for high capsiate levels without capsaicin. The presence of capsiate and capsaicin were evaluated by using two DNA markers. The KKU-P31146 accession showed the highest capsiate levels without capsaicin and could be used as a new source for breeding high-CAT accessions.
Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Yuniarti N, Artari R, Rahajeng W, Purwatoro, Nugrahaeni N
Published: June 2020
The agronomic performance and seed protein contents of 49 soybean lines were investigated in two environments. Location, genotype, and genotype × environment interactions influenced the investigated characteristics. The agronomic characteristics and protein content of the 49 soybean lines varied between locations, and protein and methionine content varied across genotypes.
Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Yuniarti N, Artari R, Rahajeng W, Purwatoro, Nugrahaeni N (2020). Agronomic characters and seed protein content of soybean (Glycine max [l.] Merr.) Lines across environments. SABRAO J Breed Genet 52(2):91–108.
A.H. BABAYAN
SUMMARY
Several fragrant tree species, i.e., Aesculus hippocastanum, Magnolia brooklynensis “Yellow Bird”, Catalpa bignonioides, and Prunus serrulata were previously registered in the database. A. hippocastanum, Ailanthus altíssima, C. bignonioides, and Robinia pseudoacacia were found to be the most common and important species in the parks and gardens of Yerevan, Armenia. These species were found in almost all of the studied gardens. The present study aimed to investigate the species composition of the pests of fragrant trees in different landscaped areas of Yerevan, Armenia, during 2020–2021. This study found 48 species of pests of fragrant trees in various parks and gardens. The species belonged to three taxonomic classes, 11 orders, and 33 families. These pest species significantly suppressed the growth and development of fragrant trees, and in some cases, even caused the trees to dry out. In the early spring, the pest species Parthenolecanium corni Bouche., Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Aphis laburni Kalt., Myzus cerasi, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, and Schizotetranychus pruni were observed on fragrant plants. Notably, this study revealed six species of fragrant tree pests, of which four, i.e., Dasineura gleditchiae, Halyomorpha halys, Trioza neglecta, and Calophya rhois, were found for the first time in the fauna of Armenia, and two, i.e., Obolodiplosis robiniae and Euura tibialis, were found previously in Tavush Region, Dilijan, Armenia.
Keywords: Fragrant trees, pests species composition, harmful insects, mites and nematodes, Yerevan, Armenia
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.19
A.S. MYRKASSIMOVA, S.N. DEMEUOV and K. KULANBAYM
SUMMARY
The phenology of the elm seed bug (Arocatus melanocephalus) and the effects of environmental factors on its population dynamics were studied during the months of May and June from 2016 to 2019 in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. The study comprised the sampling of 15 elm trees at 10 different selected sites. The insects were caught using entomological nets for population dynamics studies. The extent of leaf damage was determined by measuring the damaged square area using Blunk’s formula. In the Almaty region, the elm seed bug laid eggs in mid-April, and the imago appeared in mid-June. The insect laid eggs on the regenerative organs of the elm trees and caused significant damage to the leaves, ranging from 60%–95%. However, the significant leaf damage was not caused by the said elm trees insect as what is common in other regions of the world. In the Almaty region, the elm tree foliar damage is notably made by bugs. A negative correlation was recorded between the insect population and rainfall during May. The elm seed bug reproduction and growth occurred, and population size grew during May and June, but, no correlation was found on temperature for these two months. The present results would help in understanding the phenology and population dynamics of the elm seed bug and design the strategies for its control.
Keywords: Arocatus melanocephalus, phenology, population dynamics, temperature, rainfall, environmental factors
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.18
A.M. ABEKOVA, R.S. YERZHEBAYEVA, S.O. BASTAUBAYEVA, K. KONUSBEKOV, T.A BAZYLOVA., D.I. BABISSEKOVA, and A.A. AMANGELDIYEVA
SUMMARY
Spiraeanthus schrenkianus (Fisch. and C.A. Mey.) Maxim is a plant species that belongs to the family Rosaceae, endemic to Kazakhstan and possibly Kyrgyzstan, but as an endangered species. This shrub is one of the oldest plants on our planet, however, little is known about the plants that co-exist with the S. schrenkianus. Knowledge about the coenoflora of endemic and endangered species is fundamental for a more accurate understanding of the potential threats on the plant’s existence. To fill up this gap, the 15 coenopopulations of S. schrenkianus found in the Boraldaytau Mountains (Central part of the Syrdarya Karatau, Kazakhstan) and seven coenopopulations from the Betpak-Dala desert of Kazakhstan were analyzed. The coenoflora of S. schrenkianus consists of 232 species belonging to 146 genera and 41 families. The coenoflora from Syrdarya Karatau differed significantly from the Betpak-Dala desert, where only seven species occur together i.e., Adonis parviflora, Anisantha tectorum, Atraphaxis spinosa, Euphorbia falcata, Ixiolirion tataricum, Poa bulbosa, and Tulipa greigii. The similarity dendrogram of coenopopulations revealed greater differences in the floral composition of the plant communities, suggesting a disjunctive range in the target areas like Syrdarya Karatau, and the Betpak-Dala desert, Kazakhstan. The stability of S. schrenkianus is related to the ancient relict characters of the species formed in the Paleogene’s arid conditions.
Keywords: Coenopopulation, species composition, ecological-coenotic groups, Spiraeanthus schrenkianus, Kazakhstan
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.17
FITMAWATI, DESTI, E. JULIANTARI, D. NOVELA, and H. KAPLI
SUMMARY
Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium [Jack] Ridl.) has a stronger wood quality and is resistant to tidal deformations. For centuries, the local people are traditionally using nibung for different purposes. However, its utilization is higher than its cultivation, causing a decrease in supply every year. Taxonomic data based on molecular markers are urgently needed in the nibung germplasm. We need to study their molecular characters to provide basic data for genetic diversity and conservation study purposes. The present study aims to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of seven accessions of nibung in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia, based on molecular characters and to clarify the relationship among closely related infra-specific categories. The seven accessions of nibung were grouped by types of habitats i.e., lowland and highland areas. Accessions collected from the highland areas (Bukit Suligi) were very different from those collected from the lowland areas based on their genetic and evolutionary data. Based on Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis, it is estimated that the accession O. tigillarium from Bukit Suligi was more advanced than another accession. The present study has been able to compare more primitive and advanced accessions based on genetic distance. The studies also confirmed that the more advanced species are highly capable to survive in their in situ environment. Such type of genetic variability is very important for breeding and conservation studies and can be used in future generations of palm.
Keywords: DNA barcoding, trnL-F intergenic spacer, nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium), Riau – Indonesia
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.16
D.A. SHAIMERDENOVA, Zh.M. CHAKANOVA, D.M. ISKAKOVA1, G.T. SARBASSOVA, M.B. BEKBOLATOVA and A.A. YESMAMBETOV
SUMMARY
The modern food industry seeks to produce ecologically healthy and clean food products. However, finding effective means of storing raw materials without losing their quality is still a major problem faced by the industry. One of the promising methods on long-term storage of grain bases for good quality and safety is the ion-ozone cavitation treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of various ion-ozone treatment parameters on the quality and safety factors of millet, buckwheat, chickpea, and lentil grain bases at the Food Quality and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Almaty University of Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan. With ozonation, the buckwheat grain bases showed a significant increase in fatty acids, the millet and chickpea grains showed a slight increase, while the lentil seeds exhibited a slight decrease in fatty acids compared to the control. Overall, by treating with a low concentration of ion-ozone, the buckwheat showed fewer microorganisms; in chickpea grains the molds and yeast did not develop; in millet grains the yeast was absent and molds were not higher than control; and in lentil grain bases, the permissible yeast growth with no molds was observed. The storage life of extruded grain bases after ion-ozone cavitation treatment increased by a minimum of 60 days (millet) and to more than 240 days (buckwheat). The optimum basic parameters were determined, ensuring a maximum shelf life of up to eight months without losing the quality of the cereals and legume grain products. The said procedure was found as an effective measure for long-term storage of the extruded grain bases with sustainable safety and quality.
Keywords: Chickpea, lentil, millet, buckwheat, storage, microorganisms, food quality and safety
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.15