T. ZUBKOVA, S. MOTYLEVA, D. VINOGRADOV, V. GULIDOVA, and O. DUBROVINA
SUMMARY
Morphological characteristics of Brassica napus pollen (polar axis, equatorial diameter, shape index, pattern of perforation of exines, and perimeter of perforation zones) were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy JEOL JSM-6390. The B. napus seeds were grown under various agroecological conditions, i.e., mineral fertilizer (NPK 60:60:60 t hasup>-1) separately and together with zeolite, chicken droppings (10 t ha-1) separately and together with zeolite (5 t hasup>-1), and control (without fertilizers) from 2018 to 2020 at the Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia. It was found that pollen grains of B. napus had an oblong-ellipsoid shape. In the polar view, the pollen grains were circular with straight sides, though in the equatorial view, elliptical. For the polar axis of the pollen grains in fertilizer application treatments, the minimum values ranged from 24.59 to 27.76 µm, whereas the maximum readings were 40.13 to 42.12 µm compared with control (21.56 µm, 41.52 µm). The coefficient of variation for fertilizer applications ranged from 8.86% to 14.10% compared with control (14.85%) for the polar axis. For the equatorial axis of the pollen grains, the minimum values varied from 11.61 to 15.63 µm, whereas the range for the maximum values was 19.74 to 23.96 µm compared with the control (13.63 µm, 21.88 µm). For the equatorial axis among the fertilizer applications, the coefficient of variation varied from 8.47% to 12.01% compared with the control (18.35%). For the perimeter of the exine perforation of the pollen grains, the minimum values ranged from 1.68 to 1.95 µm, whereas the maximum values varied from 4.34 to 7.12 µm compared with the control (1.34 µm, 5.68 µm). The coefficient of variation varied from 24.48% to 33.19% compared with the control (34.78%) for the perimeter of exine perforation. The shape index of the pollen grains of the B. napus varied from 1.96 to 2.07 µm (correct unit of measure?) compared with the control (2.03 µm). Overall, with the use of organic fertilizers and zeolite, the morphometric parameters of pollen grains were significantly enhanced.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Brassica napus, micromorphology, pollen grains, analytical scanning electron microscopy, agroecological experience
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.15
A. NAWAZ, M.A. MAQSOOD, M.H. ZIA, M.I. AWAN, N. BORDOLOI, A. SHOUKAT, A. FAROOQ, N. RASHEED, M.I. ASHRAF, I. SALEEM, and S. EHSAN
SUMMARY
Nitrogen (N) application to agricultural fields warrants curtailing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilization for improved use efficiency with a less environmental footprint of N. As a means of mitigating N2O emissions, the efficacy of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is well established but the efficacy of NIs in reducing NH3 volatilization is not well understood. The study investigated the efficacy of neem oil, pomegranate leaf extract, and dicyandiamide (DCD) coating on prilled urea for reducing N2O emissions and the trend of NH3 release using static air closed chamber technique in an incubation room. The results showed that all NIs reduced N2O flux in the order of 37%–42% by DCD urea, 19%–34% by neem oil coated urea (NOCUs), and 11%–16% by pomegranate leaf extract coated urea (PLECU). However, over uncoated urea, 43%–54% NH3 flux was increased by DCD, 10%-32% by NOCUs, and significantly the least increase (5%–14%) in NH3 cumulative flux was shown by PLECU. Dicyandiamide significantly reduced N2O flux more than all other treatments, and PLECU showed the least increase in NH3emission when compared with other coated treatments. Hence, it is suggested that neem oil and pomegranate leaf extract could be used successfully not only for mitigating N2O emission, but also lessen environmental damages in association with managed N intense agriculture. Moreover, research focus on the increase in NH3 volatilization using DCD needs serious attention, especially in alkaline calcareous soils.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Coated urea, dicyandiamide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen inhibitors, neem oil, pomegranate
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.13
V.T. HO, T.Q. DINH, and T.H. NGUYEN
SUMMARY
Curculigo orchioides is most commonly used as an imperative medicinal plant in Vietnam. The plant roots are mainly used to treat sexual dysfunction, back pain, arthritis, nephritis, jaundice, and infertility. Given the high market demand in the herbal market, C. orchioides traders commonly adulterate with other similar plants for illegitimate benefits. Maturase K (matK) and ribulose 1,5biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) DNA barcode loci are presently used to identify the blends and counterfeit the medicinal herbs, as well as, identify the propagating conservation material. Nevertheless, the identification accuracy is highly dependent on NCBI Genbank or Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). In the recent study, the efficiency of DNA barcode loci, matK and (rbcL) for the classification of C. orchioides populations, was investigated during 2020–2021. After examining 11 accessions of C. orchioides collected from different locations in Vietnam, the obtained results revealed that using NCBI database is more effective for classifying C. orchioides. In addition, the matK locus also showed higher identification power than (rbcL) . The obtained findings could be helpful in the trading management, conservation, and development of C. orchioides in Vietnam.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: BOLD, classification, Curculigo orchioides, DNA barcodes, matK, NCBI Genbank, rbcL
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.16
T. NADEEM, I.H. KHALIL, IKRAMULLAH, and S.A. JADOON
SUMMARY
The genotype and environment interaction (GEI) has always been a challenge as these are the main concerns of breeders during the selection of suitable parents for breeding programs. Very little information is available regarding the implication and importance of significant GE interaction, its source, and nature in plant breeding programs and on the net yield and resultant varieties. The study aimed to investigate the gene action and assess the performance of half-diallel populations using eight advanced sweet corn inbred lines for yield-related traits across two environmental conditions, i.e., Nowshera plain and Swat hilly areas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Statistical analyses revealed significant variations among sweet corn genotypes for the studied traits from both locations. Hayman’s graphical analysis deduced that majority of traits like grains cob-1, 100-kernel weight, stover yield, and sweet corn grain yield showed over-dominance sort of inheritance at both Nowshera and Swat locations. The additive components were not more in magnitude than the dominance components at both the locations, however, these were lower than their counterparts’ (H1 and H2) components signifying the major function of a dominant gene action. The dominance effect was unidirectional for all the traits in the sub-tropical plain area, as well as, the temperate hilly area. Asymmetrical gene allocation was found due to their values being lower than 0.25 at both test locations. Broad-sense heritability was higher for most of the traits at both locations except for grains cob-1 and stover yield at Nowshera. It can be incidental that due to the dominant gene action and the least amount of narrow-sense heritability for most of the sweet corn yield-related traits, high yielding hybrids could be utilized for heterotic breeding.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Sweet corn, additive-dominance model, genetic analysis, Hayman’s half-diallel approach, heritability, gene action
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.3
J. RAHMAN, F. SULTANA, K. FATIMA, M.M. HASAN, N. GAIN, M.S. HOSSAIN, A.K. CHOWDHURY, and A. RAHMAN
SUMMARY
The oilseed crop improvement for Brassica rapa L. (field mustard) is considered to be important in respect of yield production coupled with unsaturated fatty acids of the existing cultivars. Hence, the genetic diversity, and nutritional components of 14 B. rapa cultivars were evaluated based on their yield attributes and fatty acid profiles at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. These 14 B. rapa cultivars differed significantly and were grouped into five diversified clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster II (2.43), while the highest intercluster distance was found between clusters II and V (20.41). In the fatty acid profile, the maximum threshold acceptable level (<7%) of saturated fatty acids for human consumption was found in Sonali Sarisha and BARI Sarisha-14. The total monounsaturated fatty acids viz., oleic, eicosenoic, and erucic acid ranged from 62.74% in BARI Sarisha-15 to 69.51% in Sonali Sarisha. The highest oleic acid and eicosenoic acid were obtained from the local variety, Maghi (21.06%) and Improved Tori (9.08%). The highest essential linoleic and linolenic acids were found in BARI Sarisha-15 (17.10%) and Improved Tori (8.16%), respectively. However, the local cultivar Maghi, containing the highest oleic acid (21.06%) has the lowest erucic acid (35.53%). On the other hand, BARI Sarisha-14 contained the lowest oleic (17.22%) and the highest erucic (44.02%) acids. The negative and strong correlation also reinforced the reverse relationship between oleic and erucic acids. Similarly, both linoleic (-0.497) and linolenic (-0.443) acids also showed a negative correlation with erucic acid. As a whole, BARI Sarisha14, BARI Sarisha-15, Maghi, Sonali Sarisha, and Improved Tori could be selected as potential parents for a hybridization program to breed potential recombinant lines with higher oil content and healthier unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Brassica rapa L., principal component analysis, fatty acids, erucic acid, correlation of fatty acids, oil stability index
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.4
Published: June 2020
The anthocyanin and phenolic yields and antioxidant activity of seven waxy corn genotypes, their F1 progenies, and hybrid checks grown during two growing seasons in 2018–2019 were assessed. The mode of gene action on the traits of interest was investigated, and promising lines with high anthocyanin in whole-ear components were identified. An overwhelming dominance genetic effect, high reciprocal cross effects, and low heritability for targeted traits in corn husks and cobs were revealed. Promising lines, namely NSX/DKA/PF for corn husk anthocyanin content, PF/AB and S6248/TB/KND//PF for corn cob anthocyanin content, and PF/AB and TB/KND//PF for corn kernel anthocyanin content, were identified.
Published: June 2020
The diversity and functions of bamboo in peatlands were determined. Five genera, 17 species, and three varieties were identified and delineated into two groups. The most closely related species were Bambusa vulgaris Schard. Ex Wendl. var. striata and B. vulgaris Schard. Ex Wendl. var. vulgaris, whereas the most distantly related species were Gigantochloa kuring Widjaja and Gigantochloa atter (Kurz). Bamboo had 21 types of uses and is generally used as a soil-retaining plant and a clean-water filter. B. vulgaris Schard. Ex Wendl. var. vulgaris had multiple purposes and showed adaptability to all types of habitats. This species has the potential to be developed in peatland areas.
Published: June 2020
Starch production by four different cassava genotypes grown in four different upper paddy fields during the off-season of rice was studied. Early storage root formation, rapid starch production rate, and high starch yield accumulation were identified as relevant traits top-yielding cassava genotypes in off-season rice paddy systems. CMR38-125-77 was identified as a satisfactory cassava genetic resource.
Nineteen pepper accessions were evaluated for high capsiate levels without capsaicin. The presence of capsiate and capsaicin were evaluated by using two DNA markers. The KKU-P31146 accession showed the highest capsiate levels without capsaicin and could be used as a new source for breeding high-CAT accessions.
Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Yuniarti N, Artari R, Rahajeng W, Purwatoro, Nugrahaeni N
Published: June 2020
The agronomic performance and seed protein contents of 49 soybean lines were investigated in two environments. Location, genotype, and genotype × environment interactions influenced the investigated characteristics. The agronomic characteristics and protein content of the 49 soybean lines varied between locations, and protein and methionine content varied across genotypes.
Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Yuniarti N, Artari R, Rahajeng W, Purwatoro, Nugrahaeni N (2020). Agronomic characters and seed protein content of soybean (Glycine max [l.] Merr.) Lines across environments. SABRAO J Breed Genet 52(2):91–108.