Author Archive Kaye1214
Combining ability and heterotic studies in aromatic rice through line by tester analysis
M.Z. ISLAM, M.A.A. GALIB, M.M. AKAND, L.F. LIPI, A. AKTER, M.Q.I. MATIN, and N.A. IVY
SUMMARY
Estimating combining ability helps to evaluate genotypes and determine the nature and degree of gene activities. This study aimed to identify the best parental genotypes and superior hybrids of aromatic rice using a line × tester mating design. Five CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) lines and four testers of local and exotic origins of aromatic rice were studied in this experiment. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed genetic variability among the studied CMS and restorer lines. The analysis of variance showed that parental lines, testers, and their line by testers populations had enough genetic variability. Five out of 20 hybrids found positive heterosis for grain yield, and the hybrid BRRI1A × BUdhan2R had the maximum heterosis. In terms of the agronomic traits evaluated, specific combining ability (SCA) effects were higher than general combining ability (GCA) effects. Genotypes IR58025A, BRRI1A, and BUdhan2R were identified as superior parents based on their performances for yield traits and GCA effects in the desired direction. IR58025A × BUdhan2R and BRRI1A × BUdhan2R were chosen as promising genotypes due to their highest grain yield, heterosis, and desirable SCA. Low ratios of σ2gca/σ2sca and (σ2D/σ2A)1/2, and low to high estimations of narrow-sense heritability indicated that both additive and non-additive gene effects predominated in the inheritance of the studied traits. Pearson’s correlation showed that among the 10 studied traits, grain yield plant-1 was highly significant and positively correlated with flag leaf area, spikelet fertility (%), and filled grains panicle-1, as well as, significant and negatively correlated with days to flowering and days to maturity. Superior parental genotypes and hybrids that have been identified can be employed as donDator parents to improve the grain yield in aromatic rice.
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Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Aromatic rice, heterosis, line by tester analysis, GCA and SCA, cluster analysis, correlation
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.2
Genetic analysis for yield attributes in sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. Saccharata) under diverse environments
T. NADEEM, I.H. KHALIL, IKRAMULLAH, and S.A. JADOON
SUMMARY
The genotype and environment interaction (GEI) has always been a challenge as these are the main concerns of breeders during the selection of suitable parents for breeding programs. Very little information is available regarding the implication and importance of significant GE interaction, its source, and nature in plant breeding programs and on the net yield and resultant varieties. The study aimed to investigate the gene action and assess the performance of half-diallel populations using eight advanced sweet corn inbred lines for yield-related traits across two environmental conditions, i.e., Nowshera plain and Swat hilly areas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Statistical analyses revealed significant variations among sweet corn genotypes for the studied traits from both locations. Hayman’s graphical analysis deduced that majority of traits like grains cob-1, 100-kernel weight, stover yield, and sweet corn grain yield showed over-dominance sort of inheritance at both Nowshera and Swat locations. The additive components were not more in magnitude than the dominance components at both the locations, however, these were lower than their counterparts’ (H1 and H2) components signifying the major function of a dominant gene action. The dominance effect was unidirectional for all the traits in the sub-tropical plain area, as well as, the temperate hilly area. Asymmetrical gene allocation was found due to their values being lower than 0.25 at both test locations. Broad-sense heritability was higher for most of the traits at both locations except for grains cob-1 and stover yield at Nowshera. It can be incidental that due to the dominant gene action and the least amount of narrow-sense heritability for most of the sweet corn yield-related traits, high yielding hybrids could be utilized for heterotic breeding.
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Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Sweet corn, additive-dominance model, genetic analysis, Hayman’s half-diallel approach, heritability, gene action
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.3
Genetic diversity of field mustard (Brassica rapa L.) and their saturated and unsaturated fatty acids association
J. RAHMAN, F. SULTANA, K. FATIMA, M.M. HASAN, N. GAIN, M.S. HOSSAIN, A.K. CHOWDHURY, and A. RAHMAN
SUMMARY
The oilseed crop improvement for Brassica rapa L. (field mustard) is considered to be important in respect of yield production coupled with unsaturated fatty acids of the existing cultivars. Hence, the genetic diversity, and nutritional components of 14 B. rapa cultivars were evaluated based on their yield attributes and fatty acid profiles at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. These 14 B. rapa cultivars differed significantly and were grouped into five diversified clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster II (2.43), while the highest intercluster distance was found between clusters II and V (20.41). In the fatty acid profile, the maximum threshold acceptable level (<7%) of saturated fatty acids for human consumption was found in Sonali Sarisha and BARI Sarisha-14. The total monounsaturated fatty acids viz., oleic, eicosenoic, and erucic acid ranged from 62.74% in BARI Sarisha-15 to 69.51% in Sonali Sarisha. The highest oleic acid and eicosenoic acid were obtained from the local variety, Maghi (21.06%) and Improved Tori (9.08%). The highest essential linoleic and linolenic acids were found in BARI Sarisha-15 (17.10%) and Improved Tori (8.16%), respectively. However, the local cultivar Maghi, containing the highest oleic acid (21.06%) has the lowest erucic acid (35.53%). On the other hand, BARI Sarisha-14 contained the lowest oleic (17.22%) and the highest erucic (44.02%) acids. The negative and strong correlation also reinforced the reverse relationship between oleic and erucic acids. Similarly, both linoleic (-0.497) and linolenic (-0.443) acids also showed a negative correlation with erucic acid. As a whole, BARI Sarisha14, BARI Sarisha-15, Maghi, Sonali Sarisha, and Improved Tori could be selected as potential parents for a hybridization program to breed potential recombinant lines with higher oil content and healthier unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids.
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Date published: June 2022
Keywords: Brassica rapa L., principal component analysis, fatty acids, erucic acid, correlation of fatty acids, oil stability index
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.4
Characterization of bread wheat segregating populations under optimum irrigation and water stress conditions
D.A. SWELAM, A.H. SALEM, M.A. HASSAN, and M.M.A. ALI
SUMMARY
Water scarcity is currently threatening almost every country in the arid regions. Using advanced generations, breeding can help in the development of improved bread wheat genotypes for adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses. The pedigree selection was practiced on two bread wheat crosses (Sids 12 × Line 44) and (Line 20 × Sakha 93) during two seasons (2017−2018 and 2018–2019) under full irrigation (optimal conditions) and limited irrigation (drought-stressed) conditions at Kafer El-Hamam Agriculture Station, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. The results indicated significant differences in two crosses of F2 and F3 families for all the studied traits under optimal irrigation and water stress. The estimates of phenotypic coefficients of variability (PCV) were slightly higher than those of genotypic coefficients of variability (GCV) for all the traits in two crosses of both water regimes. Broad-sense heritability (h2 Bs) estimates, accompanied with high magnitudes of the genetic advance (GA), were higher under optimal irrigation than water stress in F2 and F3 generations of two crosses. A positive correlation was recorded between spikes per plant and grain yield in both water treatments of two crosses. A positive correlation (r) was revealed between offsprings (F3) and their parents (F2) in yield and its components under optimal irrigation and water stress conditions. Hence, the hybridization followed by selection under optimal and drought stress conditions have been a demand to accelerate the genetic gain of wheat grain yield.
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Date Published: June 2022
Keywords: Wheat, selection parameters, heritability, genetic advance, water stress
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.6
In vitro mutagenesis and propagation of Paulownia tomentosa (Thumb) for salt tolerance
M.E.A.E. AHMED, T.M. ABD ELAZIEM, and A.A. NOWER
SUMMARY
The study aimed to refine a protocol for micropropagation and to develop the plant’s ability to withstand salinity by the use of physical and chemical mutations, so that it can be cultivated in new lands that are not suitable for other crops. Shoot tips and stem segments of Paulownia tomentosa were firstly sterilized and cultured on different media types containing benzyl amino purine (BAP) at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/l to choose the best combination for explant growth and proliferation. To examine the plant’s ability to withstand salinity, Paulownia tomentosa shoots were first irradiated with the doses of gamma rays at 0.0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 Gray (Gy) and secondly, cultured on a WPM medium containing sodium azide “NaN3” at 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8. and 1.0 mM for 5 min. Both irradiated and NaN3-treated shoots were cultured on different levels of NaCl. Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) technique was used to detect variations caused by gamma rays and NaN3. Results showed that at 120 Gy of gamma-ray, one fragment with primer UBC824 vanished and one fragment with primer 17898B at 150 Gy appeared. In comparison, one fragment with primer either UBC873 or UBC867 at 1.0 mM and 0.8 mM of NaN3, respectively, can be considered a positive marker of Paulownia salt tolerance. Treated shoots gave the greatest number of roots/shoot (6.0) on WPM half strength with NAA at 2.0 mg/l. Increasing gamma doses or NaN3 concentrations decreased survival rate. Variation created by mutation provides the raw material for natural selection and is a driving force in evolution. Keywords: Gamma-ray, mutagenesis, NaN3, Paulownia tomentosa, proliferation, salt tolerance, tissue culture Key findings: At 120 Gy of gamma-ray, one fragment with primer UBC824 vanished and one fragment with primer 17898B at 150 Gy appeared. In comparison, one fragment with primer either UBC873 or UBC867 at 1.0 mM and 0.8 mM of NaN3, respectively, and one fragment with primer UBC828 at 0.8 mM of NaN3 appeared, which can be considered as a positive marker of Paulownia linked to salt tolerance.
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Date Published: June 2022
Keywords: Gamma-ray, mutagenesis, NaN3, Paulownia tomentosa, proliferation, salt tolerance, tissue culture
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.8
Phenotypic variability in cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L. Walp) genotypes assessed with quantitative and qualitative characters
Onwubiko NC
Phenotypic variation among six Nigerian cowpea genotypes was established on the basis of quantitative and qualitative characters. Except for leaf area and harvest index, quantitative characters showed significant differences. Stem and pod color and leaf and seed color showed variation among genotypes. Seed size had the least variation. Quantitative and qualitative characters were useful for assessing morphological variability and discriminating cowpea accessions.
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Onwubiko NC (2020). Phenotypic variability in cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L. Walp) genotypes assessed with quantitative and qualitative characters. SABRAO J Breed Genet 52(2):191–201.
Genetic Diversity of Cucumis and Mukia (Cucurbitaceae) based on ISSR markers
Pratami MP, Chikmawati T, Rugayah
Published: June 2020
A total of 53 Cucumis cultivars and 43 Mukia accessions were verified through genetic diversity analysis based on inter simple sequence repeat markers. The amplification of Cucumis and Mukia DNA by using 20 ISSR primers produced 246 bands and 245 polymorphic bands. Mukia javanica (Miq.) C. Jeffrey (0.101) showed the highest diversity, whereas Mukia maderaspatana L. (0.037) showed the lowest diversity. Principal component analysis grouped Cucumis and Mukia accessions into four groups.
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Pratami MP, Chikmawati T, Rugayah (2020) Genetic diversity of Cucumis and Mukia (Cucurbitaceae) based on ISSR markers. SABRAO J Breed Genet 52(2):127–143.
Agronomic characters and seed protein content of soybean (Glycine max [l.] Merr.) Lines across environments
Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Yuniarti N, Artari R, Rahajeng W, Purwatoro, Nugrahaeni N
Published: June 2020
The agronomic performance and seed protein contents of 49 soybean lines were investigated in two environments. Location, genotype, and genotype × environment interactions influenced the investigated characteristics. The agronomic characteristics and protein content of the 49 soybean lines varied between locations, and protein and methionine content varied across genotypes.
Kuswantoro H, Ginting E, Yuniarti N, Artari R, Rahajeng W, Purwatoro, Nugrahaeni N (2020). Agronomic characters and seed protein content of soybean (Glycine max [l.] Merr.) Lines across environments. SABRAO J Breed Genet 52(2):91–108.
Pest species composition of fragrant trees in the parks and gardens of Yerevan City, Armenia
A.H. BABAYAN
SUMMARY
Several fragrant tree species, i.e., Aesculus hippocastanum, Magnolia brooklynensis “Yellow Bird”, Catalpa bignonioides, and Prunus serrulata were previously registered in the database. A. hippocastanum, Ailanthus altíssima, C. bignonioides, and Robinia pseudoacacia were found to be the most common and important species in the parks and gardens of Yerevan, Armenia. These species were found in almost all of the studied gardens. The present study aimed to investigate the species composition of the pests of fragrant trees in different landscaped areas of Yerevan, Armenia, during 2020–2021. This study found 48 species of pests of fragrant trees in various parks and gardens. The species belonged to three taxonomic classes, 11 orders, and 33 families. These pest species significantly suppressed the growth and development of fragrant trees, and in some cases, even caused the trees to dry out. In the early spring, the pest species Parthenolecanium corni Bouche., Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Aphis laburni Kalt., Myzus cerasi, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, and Schizotetranychus pruni were observed on fragrant plants. Notably, this study revealed six species of fragrant tree pests, of which four, i.e., Dasineura gleditchiae, Halyomorpha halys, Trioza neglecta, and Calophya rhois, were found for the first time in the fauna of Armenia, and two, i.e., Obolodiplosis robiniae and Euura tibialis, were found previously in Tavush Region, Dilijan, Armenia.
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Keywords: Fragrant trees, pests species composition, harmful insects, mites and nematodes, Yerevan, Armenia
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.19