This issue under volume 48 and released in September 2016 contains articles on sorghum, beans, rice, sunflower, okra, etc.
In this issue, articles are on wheat, cassava, maize, indian mustard, eggplant, rice, rape seed, etc.
This first issue for 2016 covers topics on cereals, melon, maize, rice, corn, sugarcane among others.
This final issue for 2015 contains articles on tomato, jatropha, rice, maize, linseed, pea, lentil, fenugreek, rice, etc
This issue for 2015 has articles on sesame, okra, cotton, rice, barley, bitter gourd, maize and Indian mustard in Sudan, Myanmar, and India.
This first issue for 2015 has articles on cabbage, wheat, corn, tomato and coriander.
W.U. KHAN, S.M.A. SHAH, H. ULLAH, I.H. KHALIL, S.A. JADOON, and D. WANG
SUMMARY
Water scarcity is a global dilemma, and rice crop needs plenty of water for optimum growth and yield. In the current climate change scenario, developing a broad-based gene pool of rice to help the crop breeders develop high-yielding cultivars needs dire action. This study assessed the genetic variation among 10 diversified parents and their 15 F5 populations developed under limited water supply for various morphological traits. Parents and F5 populations showed significant differences at 5% and 1% for most of the studied maturity and yield traits. F5 population ‘Dokri-Basmati/DR-92’ exhibited earliest for days to heading (93) with the highest culm length (85.5 cm). Maximum flag leaf area (34.67 cm2) resulted for the F5 population ‘DR-83/NIAB-IRRI-8.’ On the other hand, the F5 population ‘DR-83/DR-92’ excelled in performance for the number of primary branches panicle-1 (11). F5 population ‘IR-8/NIAB-IRRI-9’ displayed the longest panicle (28.70 cm) with the highest number of secondary branches panicle-1 (38). Three of the F5 populations ‘DR-92/DR-83,’ ‘DR-83/NIAB-IRRI-8,’ and ‘NIAB-IRRI-9/IR-8,’ displayed maximum heritability for panicle length (0.82), the number of primary branches (0.80), and secondary branches panicle-1 (0.94), respectively, offering the prospects for development of potentially high-yielding variety. The highest genetic advance for panicle length (9.87%) emerged from the F5 population ‘DR-92/DR-83,’ which also had the highest heritability for this trait. F5 population ‘DR-83/DR-92’ manifested maximum genetic advance (3.32%) for primary branches panicle-1, while ‘NIAB-IRRI-9/IR-8’ revealed the highest genetic advance (6.26%) for secondary branches panicle-1. Both of these populations may be suitable for developing the spreading type of rice germplasm with the potential water stress. F5 populations displayed differential responses for the studied traits, with none of the segregating populations excelling for studied maturity and yield traits. However, the germplasm pool created can serve as a better collection for improving existing populations from a production traits perspective under water-stress conditions or developing new cultivars focusing these traits for the target water stress region(s).
Keywords: Broad sense heritability, F5 populations, genetic advance, genetic variations, maturity traits, panicle traits, rice
Key findings: The study suggested that several genotypes have the potential for use in a breeding program for abiotic stresses, even if no genotypes showed as best for all the traits because of their diverse background. The germplasm can serve as material in the indigenous breeding program of rice and could also be available to other researchers as per a material transfer agreement for secondary breeding.
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.3
ZH. M. MUKHINA*, N.G. TUMANYAN, E.YU. PAPULOVA, and E.YU. GNENNIY
SUMMARY
The present rice market requires a range of rice products with increased eating and nutritional values. The presented work was carried out within the framework of the breeding program for developing new rice cultivars with desirable grain quality traits based on an integrated approach, using modern methods of trait phenotyping and the genomic approach, post genomic, and cellular technologies. The latest study aimed to phenotype rice cultivars from the Unique Scientific Installation (USI) – Collection of Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Krasnodar, Russia, as sources of valuable grain quality traits. Studied traits included vitreosity, fracturing, and protein and grain amylose content. The coefficient of variation determined the variability of traits and helped identify the best cultivars as sources of valuable traits. The grain quality of harvested sample cultivars showed significant differences. The rice cultivar Thaibonnet gave the best results in terms of grain quality traits and variability. By combining low variability of technologically-tested quality traits and protein content, the rice cultivars Elbrus and Thaibonnet led all the samples. Cultivar Svetlana was characterized by high traits of vitreosity and fracturing and having less variability. The cultivars Leader and Patriot both had high protein content and low trait variability. These cultivars are recommended for use in parental crosses in breeding programs to develop rice genotypes with desirable grain quality traits and nutritional values.
Keywords: Rice breeding, genetic collection, phenotyping, grain quality traits, sources of valuable quality traits
Key findings: Through phenotyping based on rice grain quality traits, the best rice cultivars were identified among the genetic collection with low, moderately high, and high amylose content, and recommended for use in breeding programs for developing rice genotypes with desirable grain quality traits.
Date published: October 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.2
A.I. SAKINAH, Y. MUSA, M. FARID, A. HAIRMANSIS, M.F. ANSHORI, and
N. NASARUDDIN
Image-based phenotyping in selecting drought- and salinity-tolerant rice lines is a potential approach to complement other selection criteria. This study aimed to determine tolerance response and selection criteria on drought and salinity stresses based on a morphological and image-based phenotyping character. The experiment, set up in a screen house of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, consisted of a nested randomized complete group design. The nested replication included stressed environments with two factors and three repetitions. The level of environmental stresses comprised the first factor, i.e., normal (without NaCl and PEG), salinity (60 and 120 mM NaCl), drought (10% and 20% PEG), and combination of drought-salinity (10% PEG + 60 mM NaCl). The second factor entailed the rice genotypes. Observations of the morphological and image-based phenotyping characters ensued. The results indicated that salinity stress had a wider diversity than drought stress, while the multiple stresses had a relatively stable variety compared with single stress. Morphological and image-based phenotyping character increased precision in assessing the tolerance or adaptability of rice to drought stress, salinity, and its combination. The morphological characters that can serve as rice selection criteria in a combination of drought-salinity stress included the shoot and root fresh weights and the root length. As for the image-based phenotyping character, the shoot phenotype width can serve as the selection criterion. Image-based phenotyping characters, especially the shoot phenotype area, were recommended as criteria for precise selection in assessing rice genotypes’ potential tolerance and adaptability to drought stress, salinity, and its combinations.
Key findings: The results showed that the most promising criteria for efficient rice selection under salinity-drought stress consist of the morphological characteristics, i.e., fresh shoot weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Meanwhile, the image-based phenotypic trait criterion consists of the shooting area phenotypes. The study also recommended that combining image-based morphological and phenotypic characters could improve rice tolerance or adaptation to drought, salinity, and combined stress.
Keywords: Rice, adaptability, drought, salinity, image processing, multiple stresse
Date pubished: October 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.1
R. HERAWATI*, MASDAR and ALNOPRI
Crop Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia
*Corresponding author’s email: reny.herawati70(at)gmail.com, reny.herawati(at)unib.ac.id
Email addresses of coauthors: masdar.msdr(at)gmail.com, alnopri_bkl(at)yahoo.co.id
High production of rice is closely related to high yield component characters namely the number of filled grains per panicle or the density of grains per panicle. These characters are complex and greatly determine yield. These traits are also controlled by many genes whose expression is influenced by environmental conditions. This research aims to study genetic diversity and inheritance patterns of rice yield characteristics in the F4population and to obtain the best genotypes from the selection. The materials in this research were 190 F3 generation seed numbers from the pedigree selection which consisted of 24 field numbers resulting from single crosses between local varieties (Bugis and Sriwijaya) with both IR7858-1 and IR148 (N22) that are tolerant to drought. Our research used an augmented design with four parents as check varieties. The research showed that the grain yield of F4 populations was polygenic and controlled by additive gene actions. The heritability value and coefficient of genetic diversity for grain yield were classified as moderate and high. The intensity of differentials selection by 10 percent based on the grain weight/hill, increased the middle value of other observed characters, like panicle length by 20.9%, the total number of grain by 48.4%, the filled grain number per panicle by 59.7%, and grain weight/hill by 40.9%. However, it decreased percentage of empty grain/panicle by 87.6%. Selection on higher filled grains and dense panicles, regardless of panicle length should be considered for developing the new plant type for upland rice with high yield.
Key words: Grain yield, F4 population, heritability, genetic variability
Key findings: Studying the inheritance systems of characters to form the desired character is an important step in segregating populations. Selection based on high grain yield in the F4 generation is expected to be significant in the development of high yield new type of upland rice.