S. ORANAB, A. GHAFFAR, A. AHMAD, M.F.K. PASHA, B. MUNIR, S. ARIF, S. ISHAQ, S.H. MAHFOOZ, R. KOUSAR, S. ZAKIA, and H.M. AHMAD
Citation: Oranab S, Ghaffar A, Ahmad A, Pasha MFK, Munir B, Arif S, Ishaq S, Mahfooz SH, Kousar R, Zakia S, Ahmad HM (2023). Genome-wide analysis of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCS) of Arabidopsis thaliana under abiotic stresses. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 38-49. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.4.
Summary
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) in plants play a significant role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. This study analyzed 20 CNGCs of Arabidopsis thaliana for their potential role under different stresses. According to phylogenetic analysis, the abiotic stress-tolerating gene CNGC19 in A. thaliana showed as closely related to Hordeum vulgare cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 19 (HvCNGC19) in barley and Oryza sativa cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels 4 and 11 (OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC11) of rice. All CNGCs of A. thaliana contains an ion transport domain. HvCNGC19, OsCNGC4, OsCNGC11, and AtCNGC19 contained the same motif 24, which depicted that they might be expressed similarly to AtCNGC19 under salt stress. CNGCs expression signals under abiotic stress showed high expression of AtCNGC19 and AtCNGC20 under salt stress in roots and AtCNGC2 and AtCNGC4 in shoots, yet very low in roots under approximately all stresses. The findings provide widespread implications for future cell signaling research and characterization of CNGCs for their roles under different stresses.
Key findings: The phylogenetic analysis of CNGCs of A. thaliana, rice, and barley depicted that the closely related CNGCs contain similar motifs and might be expressed similarly under different stresses. CNGCs expressed differently in roots and shoots after six and 12 hours under diverse abiotic stresses in A. thaliana.
N. CHOWDHURY, S. ISLAM, M.H. MIM, S. AKTER, J. NAIM, B. NOWICKA, and M.A. HOSSAIN
Citation: Chowdhury N, Islam S, Mim MH, Akter S, Naim J, Nowicka B, Hossain MA (2023). Characterization and genetic analysis of the selected rice mutant populations. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 25-37. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.3.
Summary
The development of mutant populations, followed by their characterization, offers a significant opportunity to isolate genotypes and genes with desired traits of interest. This paper assessed the agronomic performance, genetic variability, and yield-related characteristics of 22 M3 generation mutants (gamma ray-irradiated) of rice derived from a promising local rice genotype (Fatema dhan). The seeds of the selected mutants, the original parent, and three cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design at the research farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. Few mutants exhibited superior quantitative phenotypic traits compared with parental genotypes and check varieties. Mutant lines 1 and 83 required minimum days to reach maturity, and mutant lines 9, 17, and 80 exhibited significantly higher yield per plant than the parent and check varieties. Heritability analysis and genetic parameters revealed that genetic components mostly controlled all observed traits, with a minor influence on the environment. The higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic gain confirmed possible rice yield improvement through phenotypic selection. The traits, including days to first flowering and maturity, plant height, and panicle length, showed a significant positive correlation with yield. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components explained 69% of the total variation between genotypes. Thus, the promising mutant lines (1, 9, 17, 80, and 83) isolated in this study can serve for the development of high-yielding and early-maturing rice varieties.
Key findings: Few promising rice mutants with higher yield potential got identified. The selected mutants can serve in a varietal development program for obtaining high-yielding rice variety.
Citation: Maulani R, Murti RH, Purwantoro A (2023). Molecular diversity in populations of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(1): 15-24. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.1.2.
Summary
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a self-pollinated crop, with natural cross-pollination occurring below 4%–5%. It intends to have low heterosis. Developing cross-pollination in chili currently receives much attention to achieve diversity in trait improvement. Double-crossing becomes one of the alternatives to achieving this goal. In this study, three different parental chili genotypes (K, B, and T) gained crossing, with four populations (S2 K, F3 KB, F2 BTKB, and F2 KBBT) developed. Using 11 selected sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) combination markers that target Open Reading Frame (ORF) regions assessed molecular diversity in these chili populations. Results revealed the possibility of identifying diversity using SRAP markers based on primer profile information. The iMEC analysis showed high values of PIC (0.3381), discriminant power (0.882), and mean polymorphic value (97.88%). The highest similarity emerged between the populations BTKB and KBBT as the reciprocal. Then, the smallest similarity appeared between K and the double cross. Compared with the self-pollinated genotype, SRAP primers discovered that double crosses provided more variation based on Shannon’s index (I) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL). The genetic distance denotes maternal inheritance or extraneous involvement in progeny. However, multiple-parent hybridization authenticated the boost in genetic diversity.
Keywords: Interspecific hybridization, chili hybrid, segregation, diversity of hybrid chili, reciprocal, separated clustering
Key findings: Eleven selected SRAP marker combinations can detect genetic diversity in the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid populations. The double cross population also has the potential to address the uniformity problem in the chili hybrids.
Citation: Mheidi UH, Alhabeeb MI, Shenawa MH (2025). Response of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to planting times and foliar application of licorice extract. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 57(1): 359-365. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.1.36.
Summary
The field study was commenced during the winter of 2020–2021 to study the effects of planting times and licorice extract foliar application on the growth, yield, and quality traits of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), conducted at the city of Karma, Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The experiment layout had randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement, with two factors. The planting dates November 1 and 20 and December 10, 2020 were the first consideration; the second was the licorice extract with three concentrations 0, 20, and 40 g L-1. The results revealed early planting (first of November) of cumin led to a significant increase in all the studied traits compared with the medium- and late-planting dates. Licorice extract concentration (40 g L-1) effectively improved growth and production characters and enhanced the oil and protein content in cumin fruits (2.62% and 18.52%, respectively). In the interaction of early planting date (November 1) and licorice extract (40 g L-1), the highest yield (1.95 g plant-1) appeared compared with the late planting with the control treatment, which revealed the lowest yield (0.98 g plant-1). The results concluded increasing cumin fruit yield with improved proportions of oil and protein can result from the early planting and foliar application of licorice extract (40 g L-1).
Cumin (C. cyminum L.), planting times, licorice extract concentrations, photoperiods, fruits’ oil and protein content
Results revealed by adopting early planting with licorice concentration (40 g L-1), the cumin (C. cyminum L.) growth and yield traits and fruits’ oil and protein content can be considerably improved.
R.K. PUTRI, B.S. PURWOKO, I.S. DEWI, I. LUBIS, and S. YURIYAH
Citation: Putri RK, Purwoko BS, Dewi IS, Lubis I, Yuriyah S (2023). Resistance of doubled haploid rice lines to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 55(3): 717-728. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.10.
Summary
Developing new high-yielding rice varieties resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is an effective strategy for controlling BLB. Several advanced doubled haploid rice lines derived from anther culture previously selected need assessment for BLB resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of these lines to BLB pathotypes III, IV, and VIII in the vegetative and generative phases. The experiment took place in a greenhouse using 16 rice genotypes comprising 12 doubled haploid rice lines, two commercial check varieties (Inpari 18 and Inpari 34), and a BLB-resistant and susceptible check variety (Code and TN-1, respectively). Inoculation began with the leaf clipping method using a suspension of the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at a concentration of 109 cfu/ml. The results indicated significant influences on disease severity and intensity of BLB of pathotype, genotype, and the interactions between pathotype and genotype, finding their values higher in the vegetative phase. Six doubled haploid lines ranged from resistant to moderately resistant (disease severity 2.0%–10.7%, disease intensity 6.7%–36.8%) to pathotypes III and IV in two growth phases, i.e., HS1-35-1-4, HS4-15-1-9, HS4-15-1-16, HS4-15-1-24, HS4-15-1-26, and HS4-15-1-28. All those doubled haploid lines were susceptible to BLB pathotype VIII in the vegetative phase and moderately susceptible in the generative phase.
The pathotype, genotype, and interactions between pathotype and genotype significantly affected the severity and intensity of BLB. The genotype resistance varied. Six doubled haploid lines exhibited moderate resistant to resistant to BLB pathotypes III and IV. The result of this study is crucial for use in consideration of variety release.