A.I. SAKINAH, Y. MUSA, M. FARID, A. HAIRMANSIS, M.F. ANSHORI, and
N. NASARUDDIN
Image-based phenotyping in selecting drought- and salinity-tolerant rice lines is a potential approach to complement other selection criteria. This study aimed to determine tolerance response and selection criteria on drought and salinity stresses based on a morphological and image-based phenotyping character. The experiment, set up in a screen house of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, consisted of a nested randomized complete group design. The nested replication included stressed environments with two factors and three repetitions. The level of environmental stresses comprised the first factor, i.e., normal (without NaCl and PEG), salinity (60 and 120 mM NaCl), drought (10% and 20% PEG), and combination of drought-salinity (10% PEG + 60 mM NaCl). The second factor entailed the rice genotypes. Observations of the morphological and image-based phenotyping characters ensued. The results indicated that salinity stress had a wider diversity than drought stress, while the multiple stresses had a relatively stable variety compared with single stress. Morphological and image-based phenotyping character increased precision in assessing the tolerance or adaptability of rice to drought stress, salinity, and its combination. The morphological characters that can serve as rice selection criteria in a combination of drought-salinity stress included the shoot and root fresh weights and the root length. As for the image-based phenotyping character, the shoot phenotype width can serve as the selection criterion. Image-based phenotyping characters, especially the shoot phenotype area, were recommended as criteria for precise selection in assessing rice genotypes’ potential tolerance and adaptability to drought stress, salinity, and its combinations.
Key findings: The results showed that the most promising criteria for efficient rice selection under salinity-drought stress consist of the morphological characteristics, i.e., fresh shoot weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Meanwhile, the image-based phenotypic trait criterion consists of the shooting area phenotypes. The study also recommended that combining image-based morphological and phenotypic characters could improve rice tolerance or adaptation to drought, salinity, and combined stress.
Keywords: Rice, adaptability, drought, salinity, image processing, multiple stresse
Date pubished: October 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.1
R.L. KARUWAL1,2, SUHARSONO3*, A. TJAHJOLEKSONO3, and N. HANIF4
Cowpea is one of the crops that have a lot of potential to be utilized as raw food resource in the Southwest Maluku district. The objective of this study was to evaluate local cowpea cultivars from Southwest Maluku under different locations based on morphological characters. The research was conducted in Ambon and Bogor using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. As many as seven local cultivars and three cultivars from ILETRI were evaluated. Observations were conducted on 18 morphological characters. The results showed that morphological characters were significantly affected by cultivars on each location. In general: KM3, KM4, and KM6 cultivars have the highest value in some morphology characters. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the number of nodes with number of leaves followed by seed number plant-1 with seed weight plant-1 and loci number pod-1 with seed number pod-1 . Principal component analysis showed that there were nine principal components and clustering in two clusters. The local cultivars have the highest genetic potential in this study and could be selected as plant materials in future plant breeding program.
Key words: Different environments, local cowpea, Southwest Maluku, morphological characters
Key findings: Cowpea cultivar KM3 was the best genotype at both locations i.e., Ambon and Bogor, Indonesia. It also showed similar stability in some characters and almost equal with cultivars from ILETRI in these locations.
D. Palupi1, S.S.B. Rahayu2 and B.S. Daryono2*
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit in Indonesia. The Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada Universtity, Indonesia has 11 provenances where jackfruitis widely grown in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to assessed variation injackfruit based on molecular marker RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Seven RAPD primers namely A-13, A-27, B-4, H-15, L-1, OPB-1, and OPD-19 generated 70 DNA bands, of which 40 were polymorphic. In this study H-15 primers produced more polymorphic fragments than the other six primers and had the highest percentage of polymorphic fragments, namely 91.7%. Similarity matrix was calculated using coefficient of Jaccard. Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis was performedto develop a dendogram. This data analysis was performed by NTSYS software ver. 2.1. In the present studies, jackfruit tress accessions from the eleven provenances were divided into two clusters with similarity coefficient ranging from 63.33 to 85.71%, provenance of East Java and West Java were the most closely similar (85.71%) based on molecular characters.
Key words: Jackfruit, molecular characters, genetic diversity, RAPD
Key findings: Detection of genetic differences and relationship between jackfruit from 11 provenances of Indonesia for sustainable cultivation and for conservation of plant genetic resources.