The molecular identification of maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and its effects on the morphophysiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) was the focus of the presented research, intending to study the activity dynamics of two main types of enzymes, peroxidases, weakly binding to the membrane, and soluble peroxidases. The molecular identification of the virus engaged the use of the RT-PCR method. Results revealed that in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, red necrotic spotting, yellow mosaic with a large border on the edge of the leaf, curling of the leaves, yellow striped mosaic, and short stature all appeared in the maize plants. According to previous symptoms, the visual diagnostic methods used determine the maize yellow mosaic virus indications. In the existing study, the gene responsible for the protein coat synthesis (SR) nucleotide sequence served to diagnose the MDMV, and as a result, PCR tests showed yellow streaks on the leaves of maize plants. The mosaic and motility symptoms have been characteristic proofs of MDMV. The MDMV infects the maize plants in the initial growth phase (3–5 leaves), then the symptoms appear after a few days. Through morphological indicators, viral disease identification is possible at subsequent stages (6–7 leaves). Using spectrophotometry, the peroxidase enzyme activity in maize plants receives the virus infection to determine an early level of infectivity. The results confirmed that, in infected maize plants, peroxidase associated with the cell membrane was much more active than in control plants. It proves that contaminated Zea mays plants were in a stressful situation due to the virus. The RT-PCR method, widely used in diagnostics, sought to identify the virus species affiliation. PCR proceeded based on the virus соat protein (CP) gene.
Maize (Zea mays L.), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), distribution, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), thylakoid
Given the participation of the peroxidase enzyme in the protection mechanism of the maize plants from MDVM disease, its consideration for use succeeded on local maize cultivars with high peroxidase activity, such as, Sherzod, and acclimatized cultivars, i.e., Extra Early Dightau-209 and Hickax, for the selection of virus-resistant cultivars.