LATENT VIRUSES ELIMINATION OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH TREE ROOTSTOCK IN VITRO

LATENT VIRUSES ELIMINATION OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH TREE ROOTSTOCK IN VITRO

M.T. UPADYSHEV, S.G. MONAKHOS, and S.S. MAKAROV

Citation: Upadyshev MT, Monakhos SG, Makarov SS (2026). Latent viruses elimination of Malus domestica BORKH tree rootstock in vitro. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 58 (4) 1651-1660. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2026.58.4.17.

Summary

The plants’ recovery from the clonal rootstock of apple tree 62-396 from the Apple (Malus domestica BORKH) chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) succeeded in using antiviral drugs (AVD), ribavirin (standard), salicylic, and jasmonic acids, at air temperatures of +20 °C and +38 °C. Magnetic pulse processing (MPР) application used a device with a frequency of 200 Hz. With the temperature of +20 °C, the possibility of using AVDs for 90 days was definitive. The combination of temperature (+38 °C) and MPР (without AVD) and temperature (+38 °C) and salicylic acid (81.3%) provided the highest survival rate. The increased temperature (+38 °C) also inhibited shoot proliferation, leading to a decrease in shoot number by 2.9 times in the control and by 1.1–1.5 times in the variants with AVD. MPР reduced the inhibitory effects of high temperature in the control. The explants’ yield of the clonal rootstock of apple tree 62-396 was free from latent viruses in vitro using various methods of rehabilitation, which was 50%–100%. A low virus infection index (1.2) was notable during complex therapy with the use of AVD (salicylic acid + jasmonic acid), thermotherapy, and MPР.

Apple (M. domestica BORKH) viruses’ elimination, in vitro thermotherapy, in vitro chemotherapy, in vitro magnetic pulse processing, apple clonal rootstock

In breeding programs and planting mother trees, it is crucial to use the clonal apple (M. domestica BORKH) rootstocks that have already received treatments against viruses using in vitro chemotherapy (salicylic acid 30 mg/l + jasmonic acid 2.5 mg/l), thermotherapy (+38 °C), and magnetic pulse processing (200 Hz).

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SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
58 (4) 1651-1660, 2026
http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2026.58.4.17
http://sabraojournal.org/
pISSN 1029-7073; eISSN 2224-8978

Date published: August 2026

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