This issue of SABRAO highlights the history of plant breeding in Russia as well as the evolution of some crops in Amu Darya in Uzbekistan. There are analyses of several crops such as maize, rice, wheat among others toward drought-, heat-, and saline tolerance as well as aphid resistance.
This February 2024 issue of SABRAO discusses recent breeding techniques among other developments. It highlights the use of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in bananas and to improve leaf blight resistance for rice. There are also studies on chili, millet, cherry, chickpea, tomato, maize among other crops.
This issue of SABRAO highlights recent developments and findings in the breeding of staple crops such as wheat, rice and corn to improve tolerance for environmental factors and resistance to yellow rust among other diseases.
This issue of the SABRAO journal discusses topics such as the characteristics of canola in saline conditions, genetic architecture of a new plant type of rice in a 12-year study, wheat genotypes under various ecological conditions, segregation of highland papaya based on its pollen, and assessment of soybean varieties for seed quality among other traits.
This issue of the SABRAO journal carries an article that highlights the importance of accurate data on parental corn inbred lines that use markers for successful hybrid breeding in the Philippines.
This publication contains studies on rice, maize. wheat, soybean, cotton, lemon, cucumber, cayenne, onion, tomato, sunflower, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, among other things.
T.S. WAI, N.S. AMINAH, R. RAMADHAN, A.N. KRISTANTI, A. MUSA, T.T.S.P. NAING, and Y. TAKAYA
Citation: Wai TS, Aminah NS, Ramadhan R, Kristanti AN, Musa A, Naing TTSP, Takaya Y (2025). Phytochemical investigation of Engkabang (Shorea macrophylla): Characterization and potential significance of 1-octadecanol. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 57(5): 2090-2096. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.5.29.
Summary
This pioneering study focused on the isolation and structural elucidation of phytochemicals from the stem bark of Engkabang (Shorea macrophylla), a species belonging to the family Dipterocarpaceae, known for its diverse bioactive compounds and traditional uses. The hexane extract of its stem bark underwent multiple chromatographic techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), and gravity column chromatography (GCC), successfully isolating the fatty alcohol and 1-octadecanol. The structure of the isolated compound reached validation through various spectroscopic techniques, including 1H and 13C NMR, as well as 2D NMR methods (COSY, HMBC, HSQC), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The discovery of 1-octadecanol highlights the potential of S. macrophylla as a source of bioactive compounds with possible applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biofuels. This research work marks the first report of a fatty alcohol from S. macrophylla, contributing significantly to the phytochemical understanding of this species.
Engkabang (S. macrophylla), spectroscopy, bioactive compounds, fatty alcohol, 1-octadecanol, phytochemicals
The presented study reports the first isolation of 1-octadecanol from S. macrophylla stem bark, as confirmed through spectroscopy. The finding highlights the ecological role of fatty alcohols in plant adaptation and suggests potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels, considerably contributing to the phytochemical properties of the species.
H.A. SAFI, A.A. AL-MOTHEFER, M.A. ALFARIS, and H.A. SHANAN
Citation: Safi HA, Al-Mothefer AA, Alfaris MA, Shanan HA (2024). Seed rate and herbicide effects on weeds population and growth and yield-related traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 56(6): 2577-2584. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.6.40.
Summary
The presented study determined the effects of wheat seed rate and herbicide types on weed population and growth and the grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment had a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement and two factors. The first factor was three seed rates (100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1), and the second was the use of two herbicides (chemical herbicide ‘Chevalier’ at 300 g ha-1, and biological herbicide ‘Trichozon’ 2 g m-2), with the control treatment (with no herbicide). The results showed the significant superiority of the highest seed rate (200 kg ha-1) recording minimal weeds and the lowest weed dry weight per square meter. The said seed rate also gave the highest plant height, number of tillers and spikes, and grain and biological yields. In contrast, the seed rate of 100 kg ha-1 emerged with the maximum weeds, weed dry weight per square meter and number of kernels per spike. The chemical herbicide Chevalier showed superiority in recording the least weeds and lowest weed dry weight per square meter, the highest plant height, number of tillers and spikes per meter square, and maximum grain and biological yields.
The study revealed the seed rate of 200 kg ha-1 and the use of chemical herbicide ‘Chevalier’ reduced the weeds population and its dry weight in the wheat crop, which eventually enhanced the crop’s growth and yield.
