M. BABAR, M. ISHAQ, F. AKBAR, G. SUBKHAN, Z. ALI, M. ALI, B. ALI, K. KHAN, S. ALI, OBAIDULLAH, J. ALI, M.A. Qureshi, and H. KHAN
The research carried out under irrigated conditions during 2017–2018 estimated stress selection indices for morphological studies in wheat. Twenty wheat genotypes along with two checks (Pakhtunkhwa-2015 and Pirsabak-13) planted at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan, had two sowing dates, i.e., regular plantation made on 24 November and late plantation on 25 December 2017, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nine stress tolerance indices, viz., tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress intensity (SI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), and yield stability index (YSI) served as the basis for computation on each trait and every genotype under stress and non-stress conditions. Grain yield demonstrated a positive relationship with MP, GMP, HM, and STI under stress and non-stress conditions, which can serve as a better indicator for testing tolerant wheat genotypes. Overall, the maximum value of MP, HM, GMP, and STI, for days to heading displayed in genotype CDRI-PV-1: 113.00, 112.12, 112.56, 1.30; days to maturity in genotype PS-28 with 151.00, 149.24, 150.11, 1.28; for plant height in genotype PS-28 with 108.00, 107.94, 107.88, 1.27: for grain yield in cultivar PS-34 with 3983.89, 3958.96, 3934.18, 2.25, and for biological yield in genotype PS-23 with 11250.00, 10999.44, 10754.46, and 1.80, which specify that they are most stable and tolerant genotypes across both the planting conditions. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for most traits. Based on stress selection indices and mean performance in this experiment, PS-23, PS-33, PS-34, and PS-28 genotypes showed the best performance, and genotype Inq-91/FS(f8) resulted as the most stable performance and tolerance in stress conditions compared with other genotypes in stress selection indices. These genotypes could be beneficial in future wheat breeding programs to enhance the grain yield stability in bread wheat.
Keywords: Bread wheat, stress selection indices, stress and non-stress environments, optimum and late sowing, abiotic stress conditions.
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.5
M.M. JAVAID, N. AHMAD, A. JAVED, M. MAKHDOOM M. SALEEM, M. OWAIS, M. NADEEM, S. RAHMAN, S. MEHBOOB, S. NAZ, A. REHMAN, J. AHMED, and M.H. TANVEER
SUMMARY
The wheat blast caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype has become a serious threat to wheat production in Pakistan and India after its severe outbreak in Bangladesh in 2016 and intermittent occurrence since then. Thus, planned systemic surveillance of wheat crops in two phases in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 began to determine the status of wheat blasts in Punjab, Pakistan. In the first phase, a survey of 160 wheat fields in districts in Punjab ensued for typical blast symptoms. The surveillance‟s second phase occurred after the threshing of the wheat crop, with composite grain samples collected from all over Punjab, then analyzed in the lab. The surveillance results indicated that all the wheat fields were free from the typical blast symptoms. Similarly, none of the analyzed samples showed the presence of wheat blast pathogens. Therefore, the study validates that this dreadful disease (blast) does not exist in Punjab, Pakistan. Hence, the reason to remain calm needs dissemination among the farming community and the training of technical agriculture extension staff for vigilance in the future for monitoring this disease in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab.
Keywords: Wheat blast, monitoring, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype, environmental conditions, Punjab-Pakistan
Key Findings: Thorough surveillance of fields during the years 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 wheat crop seasons, as well as seed analysis from all over Punjab, depicted no infestation of wheat blast in Punjab, Pakistan.
Date published: December 2022
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.4