Rocambole (Allium scorodoprasum L.), a perennial bulbous vegetable belonging to the family Alliaceae, succeeded in its first-time introduction and examination under Uzbekistan’s agro-ecological conditions. The presented study sought to determine the morphological yield and economic efficiency of rocambole line K-24 by comparing it with the local garlic cultivar ‘Chidamli.’ Field trials conducted from 2016 to 2020 followed standard methods for varietal testing and statistical analysis. Rocambole line K-24 exhibited a longer growth duration (242 days) than garlic (221 days) and showed characteristics of a taller pseudostem (106 cm) and broader leaves (5.0 cm). The average bulb weight of rocambole line K-24 was 106 g with 5–6 cloves, while garlic bulbs averaged 62 g with 13–14 cloves. The rocambole line K-24 yield reached 44.0 t ha⁻¹, which was 63% higher than the garlic cultivar Chidamli (27.0 t ha⁻¹). Rocambole bulbs exhibited excellent marketability (100%) and maintained good storability until February–March. Economic evaluation indicated a net income of USD 2,240 ha⁻¹ and a profitability rate of 158.7%, highlighting its robust economic viability. Overall, rocambole can be a very promising vegetable crop for Uzbekistan, with significant value for crop diversification and as a genetic resource in breeding programs.

Keywords: Rocambole (A. scorodoprasum L.), garlic (A. sativum L.), morphology, yield-related traits, introduction, crop diversification

Key findings: Rocambole (A. scorodoprasum L.) produced significantly larger bulbs and higher bulb yield and showed more robust agronomic performance than garlic (A. sativum L.) under Uzbekistan’s growing conditions. The rocambole cultivar Baraka demonstrated excellent marketability, considerable storability, and high profitability, confirming its potential as a commercial crop.