The application of organic ameliorants can significantly enhance fiber technological properties and seed cotton yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants by considerably improving the growth and development processes and the formation of plant generative parts. This study, conducted on irrigated calcisols (sierozems) of the Turkestan Region, Kazakhstan, aimed to investigate the effect of organic ameliorants on the cotton fiber and its physiological traits and soil health. According to the study, the most effective results occurred by applying an organic ameliorant (3.5 t/ha) with a soil improver (350 kg/ha) during plowing, followed by a spring application of 0.5 t/ha and 50 kg/ha, respectively. This treatment resulted in an average boll weight of 6.4 g, with a 9.4% increase over the control. For the cotton cultivar M-5027, fiber length reached 34.1 mm, and fiber yield was 40.6%, representing improvements of 2.6% and 7.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the dry root mass gained enhancement up to 24.5 g (35.1% above the control), with a total seed cotton yield of 3.13 t/ha. The root system showed that 73.4% and 17.4% of roots emerged in the 0–30 cm and 30–50 cm soil layers, respectively. The application of organic ameliorants fosters intensive root development and superior fiber quality traits, mitigating the impact of diverse environmental and agrotechnical conditions.
Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.), cultivars, organic ameliorants, soil bulk mass, fiber length, fiber yield, seed cotton yield, root mass
The combinedapplication of organic ameliorant (3.5 t/ha) and soil improver significantly enhanced cotton (G. hirsutum L.) productivity. In applyingorganic ameliorants, the cultivar M-5027 was evidentwith an enhanced fiber length (34.1 mm) and fiber yield (40.6%), while its dry root mass increased by 35.1%.