Nanoparticles (NPs) are multifunctional materials, and their utilization in sustainable agriculture is very promising. The NPs authenticate targeted delivery with their controlled release of agrochemicals that promote their gradual entry into the arable soil. The NPs contribute to reduced environmental impact, and their efficient use enhances absorption of essential macromolecules necessary for plant protection, growth, and physiological responses. Moreover, nanoparticles are highly reactive substances and could have risks associated with their toxic kinetic and toxic dynamic properties. The following review analyzed the potential of NPs in improving cropping systems sustainability and their effect on yield and adaptive traits, including those subjected to abiotic stress conditions, which highlights the advantages of nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides. In addition, the conduct of an analysis determined the risks of their use. However, the NPs’ utilization can improve crop efficiency and their production. The information presented in this review will be useful in the fields of general agriculture and plant growing.
Nanoparticles, antimicrobial properties, nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, nano-safety
The unique properties of nanoparticles open up entirely new opportunities for improving cropping systems sustainability, including improving seed quality. However, further advanced research is necessary to optimize protocols for obtaining their specified characteristics and long-term use.