This study aimed to evaluate the effects of row spacing (15 and 30 cm) and biological seed treatments with biofertilizers (phosphobacillin and nitragin) on the yield formation of three lentil (Lens culinaris L.) cultivars. These were on large-seeded cultivars Shyraily and Sakura and small-seeded Krapinka, with the experiment held during 2024–2025 under irrigated conditions of southeast Kazakhstan. The results revealed the highest grain yield emerged in the lentil cultivar Shyraily with a 30-cm row spacing and phosphobacillin in 2024 (1.68 t/ha) and with nitragin in 2025 (1.74 t/ha), exceeding the control by 0.52–0.55 t/ha. However, the narrow-row spacing (15 cm) showed reduced productivity in all lentil cultivars during both crop seasons. The results demonstrated the optimized row spacing combined with biological treatments enhanced the lentil yield formation.
Lentil (L. culinaris L.) cultivars, row spacing, biofertilizers, nitragin, phosphobacillin, productivity, dryland farming
The large-seeded lentil (L. culinaris L.) cultivar Shyraily achieved the highest grain yield at a 30-cm row spacing with phosphobacillin in 2024 (1.68 t/ha) and with nitragin in 2025 (1.74 t/ha), exceeding the control by 0.52–0.55 t/ha.