This study aimed to assess the impact of mineral fertilizer’s doses, seeding rates, sowing dates, and cultivation technologies (conventional and no-till) on the yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The research took place in 2024–2025 under moisture-deficit conditions of the Almaty and Kyzylorda regions, Kazakhstan. The mineral nutrition established became a determining factor in the formation of grain yield in sorghum. By applying mineral fertilizers at the rate of N₁₀₀P₆₀ in the Almaty Region, the grain yield reached 6.17 t/ha, while without fertilizers, it did not exceed 2.3–3.97 t/ha, providing an increase of 2.2 t/ha. In the Kyzylorda Region, by applying mineral fertilizer (N₁₂₀P₆₀), the grain yield reached 4.18 t/ha, while without fertilizers, it only reached 1.81–2.75 t/ha, providing an increase of 1.43 t/ha. The optimal seeding rate (180,000 plants/ha) showed the highest productivity, while the increased planting density (300,000 plants/ha) obtained a 0.3–0.6 t/ha decrease in grain yield. Sowing time also has a significant impact, and the maximum yield (3.92–4.18 t/ha) occurred when sowing in the third 10-day period of May, depending on the nutrient levels.

Keywords: Sorghum (S. bicolor L.), climate change, drought stress conditions, mineral fertilizers, seeding rate, sowing time, grain yield

Key findings: The establishment of mineral nutrition, along with optimum seeding rate and sowing time, has been successful as a key factor in determining yield in grain sorghum (S. bicolor L.). The proven agrotechnology can significantly improve grain sorghum productivity under moisture-deficit conditions.