This study evaluated 26 garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes for phenological, agromorphological, and biochemical traits to identify those with high genetic diversity and selection potential. Descriptive statistics revealed extensive variations in earliness, bulb and clove mass, root mass, and yield-related traits, while the biochemical traits were relatively stable. Overall, the bulb yield in garlic genotypes ranged from 16.9 to 69.1 t/ha (CV = 33.51%), indicating substantial genotypic diversity, and showed moderate positive correlations with bulb diameter, bulb and clove weight, and plant height (r = 0.55–0.67). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified seven components explaining 81.09% of the total variation, with PC1 related to vegetative growth and yield, PC2 to biochemical traits, and PC3 to bulb shape. Cluster analysis grouped the garlic genotypes into early and low-yielding; medium-vegetation with large bulbs; and late, high-yielding genotypes. An analysis of variance confirmed significant (P ≤ 0.000) differences among garlic genotypes for all traits. Overall, the results enunciated substantial genetic diversity and provide a robust basis for targeted selection in terms of earliness, yield, bulb quality, and biochemical traits.
Garlic (A. sativum L.), germplasm, genetic diversity, principal component analysis, phenological, morpho-biological, biochemical traits
Garlic (A. sativum L.) genotypes revealed significant genetic diversity and greater potential for selection. Bulb yield showed a positive association with other bulb traits and plant height. Variation in sugar and nitrate content enables the selection of high-quality garlic genotypes with good yield and improved flavor.