This study aimed to assess the grain quality and yield-related traits of 14 durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) cultivars and advanced lines and their trait relationships, carried out from 2019 to 2021 at the Scientific Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Jizzakh Region, Uzbekistan. Key quality parameters determined under laboratory conditions included thousand kernel weight (TKW), hectoliter weight (HLW), kernel vitreousness (KV), grain protein content (GPC), gluten content (GC), and gluten deformation index (GDI). Likewise, an analysis of their correlation with grain yield proceeded. Over a three-year period and based on the results, the advanced lines 2012/7 and 2012/77 exhibited superior grain quality and relatively stable yield performance. Cultivars Kristella, Kurant, and Agat Donsk were outstanding in nutritional and processing quality due to high values in kernel vitreousness, grain protein content, and gluten content. These promising genotypes were favorable for further use in breeding programs. The negative and weak association was evident between grain quality traits and grain yield, indicating the need for genetic balance while considering high quality and productivity in selection.

Keywords: Durum wheat (T. durum L.), cultivars, advanced lines, grain quality, yield performance, traits correlation

Key findings: Over a three-year period, the durum wheat (T. durum L.) cultivar Mikki-3 and advanced lines 2012/7 and 2012/77 showed a significant yield advantage over the check cultivar Makuz-3. Cultivars Kristella, Kurant, and Agat Donsk emerged superior in nutritional and processing quality. The weak correlation between grain quality and yield suggested a balanced breeding approach is necessary to improve both types of traits collectively.