An association of biotic and abiotic stress resistance has existed with modifying the genetic makeup of plant cells, and as a result, variations occur in some physiological and biochemical processes. Relatedly, the collection of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm and its assessment through morphological, genetic, and physiological parameters are practically significant. Studying the influence of the genotype-environment on the physiological and quantitative characteristics of bread wheat germplasm in Uzbekistan resulted in the environment influencing the wheat genotypes, with a hydrothermal coefficient of Ij = 1.43 in 2017. It gave the average grain yield from all the wheat nurseries at 6.84 t/ha. Meanwhile, in 2019, the hydrothermal coefficient was Ij = 0.69 with a grain yield of 6.77 t/ha. However, when the hydrothermal coefficient decreased to a negative value (Ij = -2.8), the average yield decreased to 6.48 t/ha. The identification of wheat genotypes succeeded according to environmental plasticity (bi) and stability coefficient (Si2) indicators, i.e., K-64 (bi = 0.5, Si2 = 1.8), K-74 (bi = 0.7, Si2 = 1.9), and genotype K-100 (bi = 0.4, Si2 = 0.9).
Bread wheat (T. aestivum L.), genetic attributes, morphological traits, physiological processes, leaf, carotenoid, grain yield
Regression analysis showed a one-mg increase in total chlorophyll content raised the productivity of 50 selected bread wheats (T. aestivum L.) genotypes by 12%. The three-year average of total chlorophyll ranged from 3.34 to 2.03 mg/g, with productivity also significantly reduced in wheat genotypes with low chlorophyll content.