H.E.A. NEMEATA ALLA and S.A.M. HELMY
SUMMARY
Two field experiments were carried out on a private farm at Wadi El-Natrun (latitude of 30.48° N and longitude of 30.50° E), Beheira Governorate, Egypt, in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 seasons, to find out the effect of adding zeolite as a soil conditioner and potassium fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of sugar beet crop (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera) grown in sandy soil conditions. The present work included 12 treatments, which were the combinations of four zeolite levels (Zero, 476, 952, and 1,428 kg ha-1), and three levels of potassium in the form of potassium sulfate (119, 178.5, and 238 kg K2.SO4 ha-1), which were added as a soil application. The treatments were arranged in a complete block design in a split plot with four replications. The results showed that higher values of the photosynthetic pigments, root diameter, fresh and foliage weights plant-1, as well as, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages, quality index, yields of the root, top, and sugar ha-1, were obtained by adding 1,428 kg zeolite, compared with the other levels of zeolite, in both seasons. However, sodium, alpha-amino N contents in the root, and sugar lost to molasses% were insignificantly affected by zeolite rates in both seasons. Application of 238 kg K2.SO4 ha-1significantly resulted in the highest values of photosynthetic pigments, root dimensions, sucrose%, and root potassium content. In addition, extracted sugar %, quality index, root, top, and sugar yields ha-1 were increased compared with the other lower K-sulphate levels in both seasons. On the contrary, sugar lost to molasses% was insignificantly affected by applied potassium sulfate in both seasons. The maximum values of root diameter, fresh weight, yields of root and top ha-1 in both seasons, and also sugar yield in the second season were produced from the interaction between applying 1,428 kg zeolite and 238 kg potassium sulfate ha1.
Date published: June 2022
Keywords: potassium sulphate, sandy soil, sugar beet, zeolite
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.20
A.M. ABEKOVA, R.S. YERZHEBAYEVA, S.O. BASTAUBAYEVA, K. KONUSBEKOV, T.A BAZYLOVA., D.I. BABISSEKOVA, and A.A. AMANGELDIYEVA
SUMMARY
Sugar beet is a highly valuable and profitable crop in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is the only source of raw materials for the production of crystalline sugar and incidentals (tops, bagasse, and molasses). This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 53 sugar beet samples, 19 parental lines, and 34 hybrids from Kazakhstan by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, agromorphological traits, root mass weight, and sugar content at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak, Republic of Kazakhstan. The experimental conditions were optimized for the 14 RAPD primers used in this study. The polymorphism index contents varied from 0.24 to 0.46, and all 14 primers were classified as moderately informative. The cluster analysis of RAPD data divided the sugar beet samples into seven groups. The greatest distance (D = 1.4) was noted among the male sterile lines ‘MS-1611’, ‘MS-1631’, ‘MS-97’, and ‘MS-2113’ and the pollinator lines ‘VP-44’ and ‘VP-23’. The samples were divided into six groups on the basis of root mass weight and sugar content via cluster analysis. The hybrids ‘RMS-90’, ‘RMS-134’, ‘RMS-133’, ‘RMS-136’, and ‘Ramnes’ were grouped in a cluster that showed the highest values of root mass weight, which ranged from 610 g to 680 g. However, the samples with high sugar content (18.2–18.5), i.e., ‘Shecker’, ‘2198’, ‘H-22’, and ‘1005’, were grouped into a cluster with a distance of D = 0.8. Lines located at a large genetic distance from each other were recommended for hybridization when creating highly productive hybrids. These findings can be applied in the development of new productive and stable sugar beet hybrids in Kazakhstan.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, markers, RAPD, root mass weight, sugar content, sugar beet
DOI: http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.7