Protected soil ground, facing considerable variations with high risks to develop a dynamic agriculture, play a vital role for the year-round supply of fresh and vitamin-rich vegetables and greens in Kazakhstan. The agriculture sector needs further exploration with the development of innovative technologies. An available supply of green vegetables regardless of the season allows new technologies to grow the green chard (B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) crops using hydroponics. The presented study sought to develop the rational chard in seedling complexes using hydroponic shelving units (hereinafter HSI4) for year-round production of vegetable to ensure the profitability of greenhouse production. For seasons conveyor chard cultivation in winter greenhouses on HSI4, the recommended use of hybrids requires Rubyn, Nevesta, and Bychya krov; with dark-green leaf plate Nevesta and Bychya krov, and with light leaf plate hybrid Rubyn in winter-autumn. For all-season conveyor chard cultivation, the hybrid Bychya krov was the best option, with a mixture of peat (80%) and perlite (20%). However, the highest yield obtained came from the Bull’s Blood and Bride hybrids (362.2 and 335.3 g plant-1, respectively) in summer. The promising results may serve as bases for modern agricultural practices and technological innovation in greenhouse management, implementing hydroponic systems and substrate management for optimal crop yield.
Chard (B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), innovative technologies, conveyor growing, hydroponics, green mass, products, substrate
For all-season conveyor cultivation of chard (B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) in winter greenhouses using low-volume hydroponics on HSI4, the study recommended using the Ox’s Blood hybrid with organic substrates.