Forage crops’ shortage has risen due to increased population in Azerbaijan. Brassica napus L. as a forage crop provides the opportunity to obtain oil, seeds, and dry biomass as feed for livestock in winter. Increased soil load and anthropogenic variations considerably affect the state of modern soil cover in the Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan. Therefore, the study on gray-brown soils under rapeseed vegetation as a forage crop is crucially necessary. The timely study comprising the effects of various factors on the physicochemical parameters of extrusion products made it possible to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rapeseed oil. The standard deviations for the rapeseed with three sowing dates and density scenarios were 6%–23% and 17%–22%, respectively. The simulated biomass and grain yield of rapeseed with different sowing dates (standard deviation: 0.9–1.9 t ha⁻¹, Pe: 0%–35.3%) were notably generally better than those for different densities (standard deviation: 0.8–2.7 t ha⁻¹, Pe: 6.5%–90%).

Keywords: Gray-brown soils, soil section, forage crops, vegetation, harvest, green and dry biomass, seed yield, oil content

Key findings: This study examines the effect of rapeseed (B. napus L.) on the agrophysical, agrochemical, and biological properties of dark gray-brown soils. In addition to post-cut, stubble, and root residues, the predecessor itself, alfalfa, had a good effect on increasing fertility. The highest seed yield with a significant increase in biochemical components was a formation from rapeseed.