This research investigated the effects of bio-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on proline content, peroxidase, and catalase enzyme activity of two Iraqi wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Ibaa 99 and Al-Rasheed) compared with NPK fertilizers. The biosynthesis of AgNPs from A. graveolens aqueous extract, and their characterization occurred through the alteration in color of the reaction blend, as an unambiguous proof for AgNPs’ formation. Determining the size and shape of AgNPs used a scanning microscope and an atomic force microscope to characterize them. Uv-spectrophotometer described the AgNPs, revealing the peak of highest absorption at (𝛌max) 408 nm. The X-Ray Diffraction device application diagnosed the AgNP properties. The research transpired at the AL-Nahrain Laboratories, where cultivated cultivars in September 2022 had three replications for each concentration of biosynthesized AgNPs and NPK treatments (0.1, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/ml), and a control for comparison. A significant decrease in proline was evident for Al-Rasheed cultivar, while a significant increase appeared in Ibaa 99 cultivar. A notable decrease in proline resulted from NPK fertilizer treatments. Peroxidase and catalase enzyme activity significantly rose in both cultivars, while nonsignificant differences were visible when using NPK between them.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), biofertilizers, silver nanoparticles, antioxidant enzymes activity, Apium graveolens L.
In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops, the silver nanoparticles can be safe for use to improve the physiological and biochemical traits and replace the chemical fertilizers negatively affecting the soil and human health.