Hybrids with heterotic effects manifest themselves with a significant enhancement in growth and productivity traits compared with their parental genotypes. However, inbreeding resulted in decreased heterosis. Researchers believe that a noteworthy increase in F₁ hybrids for economic and biological attributes is evident due to heterozygosity and overdominance of the corresponding genes of different parents combined in one genotype. The presented study sought to determine the heterotic effects of sugar beet hybrids for economically valuable traits and select the best parental lines with crossing potential for productivity. Five different sugar beet hybrids, analyzed during the crop seasons 2021 and 2022 for accurate and hypothetical heterosis and the degree of dominance in F₁ generation for economically valuable traits like productivity and sugar content, transpired at the LLP – Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing (KazRIAPG), Kazakhstan. The crossing of the sugar beet line KazMS with pollinators, viz., VP24, VP44, OP17231, OP17232, and OP14044, changed the type of inheritance in hybrids for productivity from negative dominance in variants with pollinators (VP24, OP17231) to overdominance in variants with pollinators (VP44, OP14044). Based on the results, the conclusion indicated that the type of productivity inheritance in F₁ hybrids involving the same maternal line differed.

Keywords: Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), F₁ hybrids, heterotic effects, degree of dominance, crop productivity, sugar content, automated agricultural technologies

Key findings: The promising results may serve as a basis for developing a technological model to better manage sugar beet production at each specific stage of plant growth and development for various strengthening levels.