Mango is a tropical fruit in Indonesia, rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It plays a significant role in boosting farmers’ income, supporting industrial development, and driving exports. Mangoes in Indonesia exhibit remarkable diversity in fruit shape, size, taste, and leaf characteristics. This study aimed to assemble the data on the diversity of 10 mango accessions using different fruit traits and molecular markers. This research took place at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI)-Cukurgondang and the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD)-Bogor. A set of mango accessions, observed for their fruit traits, underwent molecular analysis using 20 RAPD and 15 SSR markers to generate their genetic relatedness. The results revealed that mango accessions varied considerably in fruit shape, scent, color, and taste. The RAPD primers produced more DNA bands than SSR markers. The PIC values were highly informative for three RAPD markers (15% of the total) and two SSR markers (13.33% of the total). Based on dissimilarity values, large-sized mangoes’ separation from small-sized mangoes can be effective; however, one group emerged with a blend of both. Mango accessions Madu Segoro 127 and Delima 209 have a pure genetic composition, but Delima 209 is an essential crossing material as it belongs to a group distinct from the small mangoes. The two mango groups’ development into smaller-sized mangoes can further succeed with a more attractive color and pronounced aroma to better attract consumers.
Mango (M. indica L.), fruit traits, molecular markers, RAPD and SSR, genetic diversity, population structure
The fruits of 10 mango (M. indica L.) accessions in the Cukurgondang-ATRAI collection considerably vary in shape, scent, color, and taste. The RAPD and SSR markers succeeded in separating large-sized and small-sized mangoes. Mango accessions Madu Segoro 127 and Delima 209 revealed the pure genetic composition.