Seven peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes underwent a molecular study. Using two indicators based on the PCR technique, namely, the RAPD and RE-RAPD indicators, cutting enzymes and custom prefixes from the RAPD marker determined the genetic relationship between the genotypes of the quantitative traits. The results showed that RAPD indicators could be beneficial in evaluating peanut genotypes in groups and estimating the genetic distance between them. Direct relationships to molecular genetics and the phenotype genetic distances, special uniting ability effect and the strength of the cross between the average parents, the strength of the hybrid on the best parents, and the average traits showed in parent four the maximum hereditary distance, with parent three exhibited the minimum hereditary distance based on the results of the phenotypic and RAPD indicators. The RE-RAPD indicators were also efficient in identifying 25 genetic mutations, as these mutations have become a diagnostic genetic fingerprint of most parents and an indication of the presence of specific sites, especially of parents, in their genome by using eight primers.

Keywords: Peanut (A. hypogaea L.), parental genotypes and hybrids, genetic analysis, genetic distance, phenotypic and molecular correlation, RAPD markers

Key findings: Peanut (A. hypogaea L.) genotype no. 4 and the hybrid 1 × 5 proved the leading genotypes for best performance. RAPD indicators were efficient in identifying phenotypic and genetic dimensions and mutations.