The following study aimed to explore the dependence of crops’ yield on soil temperature and humidity. The study focused on the soil saturation with water and solar radiation as key factors affecting crop yields under current climate change conditions. The research employed agroclimatic measurement methods, temperature and phenological calculations, and correlational analysis methods. Based on over 20 years of data obtained from the Uralskaya Agricultural Experimental Station, Kazakhstan, agroclimatic conditions regarding temperature, precipitation, and hydrothermal coefficients reached successful analysis. Crop yield dependency evaluation through temperature and phenological assessments transpired. As a result, an identification of a clear correlation succeeded, with the most stable crop determined as sorghum. The barley crop showed higher yields in the favorable season of 2023, and sorghum, a drought-resistant crop, maintained consistent yields even in adverse seasons in 2021, emphasizing the importance of selecting suitable crops and their optimal sowing time to mitigate climatic challenges. The impact of temperature and productive moisture on crop yields was proven, revealing rising air temperatures (+1.9 °C) during the crop season and varied weather patterns as key drivers of increased drought frequency. Strategies to mitigate drought effects include cultivation of drought-resistant crops, improving agricultural practices, and enhancing meteorological services. Studying such relationships is crucial for ensuring food security in Kazakhstan.
Climate change, environmental factors, cultivated plants, crop productivity, crop growth and development, sustainability
The region’s harsh humidification and rising temperatures (+1.9 °C) have negatively affected crop yields. In contrast to barley, the sorghum, being a drought-resistant crop, consistently performed well, even in dry crop seasons, such as in 2021. Optimizing sowing times, cultivating drought-resistant crops, and the ascendancy of agroclimatic data can mitigate the negative impacts of climate variability on agriculture.