The priority of agricultural development is to ensure a significant increase in crop yields while improving soil fertility through the use of fertilizers and reducing the ecological burden on the environment. The following study sought to assess the role of foliar fertilization with amino acid (Amino Turbo) and humic acid (Ruter AA and Geogumat) fertilizers on the grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). Field experiments conducted during 2023–2024 focused on the low-fertility soil, lightly irrigated sierozems, with phosphorus fertilizers as a baseline in the District Koksu, Zhetysu Region, Kazakhstan. Fertilizations occurred at key development phases, i.e., the first at BBCH (cereal development stage scale) 25–29 and the second at BBCH 30–31. Without foliar fertilizers, average yields were 3.26 t/ha in winter wheat and 3.07 t/ha in soybean. Ruter AA yielded the best result in winter wheat (4.64 t/ha), while Geogumat improved the soybean yield (4.13 t/ha). Amino Turbo was ineffective in winter wheat; however, it increased the soybean yield relative to the control. The combined application of humic and amino acid fertilizers with phosphorus supported 68%–84% yield potential in winter wheat and 92%–98% in soybean, maintaining optimal soil nutrient levels (20–40 mg/kg in wheat and 25–40 mg/kg in soybean). Overall, the humic acids (Ruter AA and Geogumat) significantly enhanced the yield potential, revealing the efficiency of this nutrient strategy for better plant growth and productivity.
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), humic acids, amino acids, leaf fertilizers, mobile phosphorus, growth traits, grain yield
The water deficit condition at the flowering stage caused a significant reduction in yield and its components in maize. The silicon treatment 6 mM L-1 concentration notably enhanced the grain and oil yields and carbohydrates.