The influences of different sowing methods on the seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) became this research’s focus, carried out at the District Maktaaral, Turkestan Region, Kazakhstan. The results revealed the two-line sowing method with plant spacing (80×11×2×10×1) and plant density (200,000 ha^-1) contributed to an increase in the seed cotton yield (4.76 t/ha). The highest seed cotton yield could refer to the topmost plant density and the largest number of bolls per unit area, which were 32%–33% more than the traditional cotton sowing technology. In addition, with the two-line sowing method of cotton, higher values appeared for the sympodial branches per plant (16.0), bolls per plant (14.2), fiber yield (35.1%), and fiber length (33.1 mm). Experiments also showed the formation of longer branches with row width of 90 and 70 cm. Based on the findings, the study recommends the two-line sowing scheme (80×11×2×10×1) and plant spacing (45×12×1), with a plant density of 200,000 and 180,000 ha^-1, respectively, as superior for cotton sowing under the conditions of the Turkestan Region, Kazakhstan.

Keywords: Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), sowing methods, growth and yield traits, seed cotton yield, fiber yield and quality

Key findings: In upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the plant spacing scheme (45×12×1) and two-line sowing method (80×11×2×10×1), with a plant density of 180,000 and 200,000 ha^-1, respectively, were most effective in the irrigated zone of Turkestan region, Kazakhstan. These selected sowing methods have contributed to an increase in the seed cotton yield (4.56 to 4.76 t/ha), with a profitability range of 181.3% to 193.6%.