Besides the control treatment, Jabjabb date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) offshoots received irrigation water contaminated with heavy metals, lead(II) nitrate (Pb[NO3]2) = 300 mg kg^-1 and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) = 3 mmol. In addition to the control treatment, putrescine (500 mg L^-1), coumaric acid (500 mg L^-1), and 10 kg of palm^-1 zeolite entailed application to seedling soil. After nine months of alternately treating the seedlings with pollutants and therapies, preparing tissue slices of the study palm leaves succeeded. Lead and cadmium treatment adversely affected leaf anatomy and decreased epidermal, parenchymal, and vascular bundle markers to the lowest values. The study showed putrescine, coumaric acid, and zeolite improved leaf tissue anatomical properties and recorded the highest values. The enhancers reduced pollution, but putrescine improved the anatomical properties of leaves impacted by heavy metals, most especially lead. This interaction had the highest epidermis thickness, parenchymal cell diameter, primary and secondary xylem diameter, phloem thickness, bundle sheath thickness, vascular bundle length, and width (145.53, 214.17, 90.88, 77.13, 62.12, 30.21, 36.11, and 11.00 micrometers, respectively). By modulating the thickness of leaf tissue cuticles, the heavy metal factor and enhancers boosted the plant’s pollution resistance.

Keywords: Date palm (P. dactylifera L.), polyamines, zeolite, anatomical characteristics, palm offshoots, heavy elements, stress conditions

Key findings: Heavy metal pollution negatively affected the anatomical characteristics and showed decreased values of epidermal cells, parenchymal cells, and vascular bundles in leaf tissue of the date palm (P. dactylifera L.). Bioenhancers, such as putrescine, coumaric acid, and zeolite, improved the anatomical properties of leaf tissues.