The following study aimed to examine the effects of EM Bokashi leaves (a biofertilizer) and several plant extracts in three distinct grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. The experiment comprised three components: the first was the three grape cultivars (Summer Royal, Flame, and Crimson); the second was the two different doses of EM Bokashi (250 g per seedling); and the third was the application of plant extracts at four distinct concentrations—no spraying and 15 ml L-1 each of the licorice root powder, roselle petals, and moringa leaves. The experiment adopted a factorial design using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The seedless cultivar Summer Royal resulted in a triple interaction with EM Bokashi at a dosage of 250 g. The interaction of seedling-1 with the foliage of aqueous moringa leaf extracts at a concentration of 15 ml L-1 increased the volume of both components in the leaves. The iron and boron concentration, together with the total carbohydrate content in leaves’ auxins and cytokines, was comparable to the Crimson cultivar, which did not include effective microorganisms (EM Bokashi). However, this treatment exhibited the lowest average values for the examined features.
Grape (V. vinifera L.), cultivars, bio-fermented organic fertilizer, plant extract, biochemical composition
The EM Bokashi treatment at 250 g boosted the quality of the evaluated grapes (V. vinifera L.), while also increasing the amount of spraying with moringa leaf extract at 15 ml per liter. The findings indicated the potential of seedless grape varieties to adapt to diverse experimental circumstances.