An evaluation of the genetic diversity and phenotypic variation among 17 garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions occurred on 13 morphological traits using an augmented experimental design. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA), continued to assess the extent of variability and elucidate interrelationships among the traits. Key findings revealed significant variability in traits like plant height (44.8–77.7 cm), bulb thickness (36.96–69.52 mm), and bulb weight (18.75–96.05 g), indicating scope for these traits’ improvement. Correlation analysis highlighted positive associations among traits, such as bulb thickness, stem thickness, and bulb weight, emphasizing their collective impact on yield. A trade-off between clove number and clove size was also noteworthy. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into two main clusters, aiding targeted breeding strategies. Distinct garlic accession 41083, identified as Allium ampeloprasum, displayed unique traits like pest and disease resistance. PCA confirmed substantial diversity, with 68% of the variance explained by the first two components. Accessions, including 36559 and 41433, emerged as promising candidates for introducing novel traits. These findings highlight the potential of morphological diversity in garlic breeding to enhance yield, adaptability, and market appeal for sustainable cultivation.
Garlic (A. sativum L.), accessions, genetic diversity, morphological and yield traits, traits relationship, pest and disease resistance
The latest study presents the genetic diversity analysis based on morphological traits, revealing high variability among garlic (A. sativum L.) accessions.